Chapter 4: Joint Mechanics And Injuries

Question 0

What are joints?

Answer 0

Point of contact between 2 bones

Question 1

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 1

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Question 2

How are joints classified?

Answer 2

Structure of function

Question 3

What types of movement does each type of joint allow?

Answer 3

Fibrous=no movement
Cartilaginous= slight movement
Synovial= free movement

Question 4

Which type of joint is bound tightly by connective tissue?

Answer 4

Fibrous

Question 5

Which types of joint is bones connected by cartilage?

Answer 5

Cartilaginous

Question 6

Which type of joint is bones separated by synovial fluid and cartilage?

Answer 6

Synovial

Question 7

What are the 3 characteristics and a synovial joint?

Answer 7

Articulating hyaline cartilage, synovial joint capsule and bursae

Question 8

What is the function of articulating hyaline cartilage?

Answer 8

Protects bones, allows smooth movement, shock absorber

Question 9

What is the synovial joint capsule?

Answer 9

Fibrous capsule keeps synovial fluid from leaking, synovial membrane secrets synovial fluid which lubricates joint and provides nutrients to cartilage

Question 10

What is bursae?

Answer 10

Small, flattened fluid sac found at friction points between tendon, ligament and bone. Help to protect soft tissue as they pass over bony projections

Question 11

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 11

Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle, ellipsoid

Question 12

What are properties of ligaments?

Answer 12

Attach bone to bone, not elastic, tough bands of white fibrous tissue

Question 13

Which tissues are STATIC stabilizers of joints?

Answer 13

Ligaments

Question 14

What are properties of tendons?

Answer 14

Attach muscle to bone, bundles of white fibrous collagen

Question 15

Which tissues are DYNAMIC stabilizers of joints?

Answer 15

Tendons

Question 16

Are tendons and ligaments vascular or avascular?

Answer 16

Avascular, minimal blood supply, receive nutrients through compression

Question 17

What does tendinitis mean?

Answer 17

Inflammation

Question 18

What does dislocation mean?

Answer 18

Bone displaced

Question 19

What does separations apply to?

Answer 19

Ligaments

Question 20

Where can cartilage damage occur?

Answer 20

Hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic

Question 21

What is shin splints?

Answer 21

Tearing of interosseous membrane or periosteum

Question 22

What are the signs of injury?

Answer 22

Swelling, heat, altered, red, painful

Question 23

What is proper treatment for an injury?

Answer 23

Pressure, Ice, elevation, rest or restriction

Question 24

What are some shoulder joint injuries?

Answer 24

Biceps tendinitis, shoulder separation, shoulder dislocations and rotator cuff tears

Question 25

What is biceps tendinitis?

Answer 25

Overuse injury to biceps brachii making flexion of the shoulder and elbow painful

Question 26

What are the 3 degrees of shoulder separation and what do they mean?

Answer 26

1st=mild and heals in a few days
2nd=moderate and require physio
3rd=severe and may require surgery

Question 27

What is a shoulder dislocation?

Answer 27

When the humerus pops out from a hit or fall

Question 28

How many muscles affected in a rotator cuff tear

Answer 28

One or all four

Question 29

What are some knee joint injuries?

Answer 29

Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, quadriceps, gastrocnemius and hamstrings, knee ligament tears, q angle, osgood-schlatter syndrome, patellofemoral syndrome

Question 30

What is the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 30

Prevents anterior/posterior movement of tibia with respect to femur

Question 31

What are the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?

Answer 31

Provide medial and lateral stability to knee

Question 32

What do the quads do?

Answer 32

Stabilize anterior knee

Question 33

What do the hamstrings and gastrocnemius do?

Answer 33

Stabilize posterior knee

Question 34

What are knee ligament tears?

Answer 34

Blow to lateral side of the knee resulting in medial damage, joint capsule tears them MCL then medial meniscus then ACL

Question 35

What is the q angle?

Answer 35

Indicates predisposition to ACL tears

Question 36

Where are the q angle lines drawn? What does the angle have to be?

Answer 36

1. Patella to anterior superior iliac spine
2. Tibial tuberosity to patella
   If the angle is above 20 degrees there is a greater risk of knee damage

Question 37

What is osgood-schlatter syndrome?

Answer 37

Affects epiphyseal plate of tibial tuberosity, more prevalent in males, tibial tuberosity becomes inflamed with overuse, does not effect growth

Question 38

What is patellofemoral syndrome?

Answer 38

Knee pain as a result of increased or misdirected forces and affect more woman than men

Question 39

When is the ankle weakest?

Answer 39

Plantar flexion

Question 40

What are 3 ankle injuries?

Answer 40

Inversion sprain, eversion sprain, Potts fracture

Question 41

What are inversion sprains?

Answer 41

Twisted ankle, can affect one or all of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and calcaneofibular ligament

Question 42

What are eversion sprains?

Answer 42

Rare because of strength of deltoid ligament which attached from tibias medial malleolus to 3 bones in foot

Question 43

What is a Potts fracture?

Answer 43

Break of the tip do the medial malleolus and a break of the fibula as a result from a medial blow