Chapter 3: Muscular System

Question 0

How much of your body weight accounts for your muscles?

Answer 0

30%-40%

Question 1

How many muscles in the body?

Answer 1

Over 650

Question 2

What are the major functions of the muscular system?

Answer 2

Movement, support and heat production

Question 3

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 3

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 4

Which two types of muscle tissues are striated?

Answer 4

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 5

What are the five property’s of muscle cells?

Answer 5

Conductivity, contractibility, extend ability, elasticity, irritability

Question 6

What is irritability?

Answer 6

Ability to respond to stimuli

Question 7

What is conductivity?

Answer 7

Ability to transmit nerve impulses

Question 8

What is the basic muscle unit?

Answer 8

Sarcomere

Question 9

What is a sarcomere made of?

Answer 9

Actin and myosin

Question 10

What is created with many sarcomeres?

Answer 10

Myofibrils

Question 11

What is the connective tissue surrounding muscle fibres?

Answer 11

Endomysium

Question 12

What binds many muscle fibres?

Answer 12

Perimysium

Question 13

What binds many perimysiums? What does it form?

Answer 13

Epimysium, extends beyond muscle to form the tendon

Question 14

How do muscles indirectly attach to bones?

Answer 14

Epimysium extends past muscle as a tendon and attaches to periosteum of bone

Question 15

How do muscles directly attach to bones?

Answer 15

Epimysium fuses directly to the periosteum

Question 16

What is the least moveable part or point of muscle attachment?

Answer 16

Origin

Question 17

What is the most moveable part of muscle attachment farthest from the midline?

Answer 17

Insertion

Question 18

Which muscle is primarily involved for movement?

Answer 18

Agonist

Question 19

Which muscle counteracts the agonist by lengthening?

Answer 19

Antagonist

Question 20

What are some reasons for muscle names?

Answer 20

Function, points of attachment, number if heads, location, shape, direction of fibres

Question 21

What are the three types of muscle contractions?

Answer 21

Concentric, eccentric and isometric

Question 22

What type of exercise is controlled concentric and eccentric contractions?

Answer 22

Isotonic exercise

Question 23

What is isometric exercise?

Answer 23

Muscle fibres maintain same length/static

Question 24

What is isokinetic exercise?

Answer 24

Machines control speed of contractions through muscles full range of motion

Question 25

What is the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 25

The point of contact between the nerve and muscle/motor unit

Question 26

What makes up the motor unit?

Answer 26

Motor neuron, axon and muscle fibres

Question 27

What is the all or none principle?

Answer 27

Motor units will contract fully or not at all

Question 28

What is it called when muscle converts chemical energy in mechanical energy?

Answer 28

Excitation-contraction coupling

Question 29

What does the sliding filament theory explain?

Answer 29

Physiology of muscle contractions

Question 30

How does the sliding filament theory begin?

Answer 30

Message from brain is sent to CNS to PNS to neuromuscular junction in motor unit.

Question 31

What is released into the synaptic cleft? What is then generated causing the membrane to change?

Answer 31

Acetylcholine. Action potential.

Question 32

What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, into the sarcoplasm?

Answer 32

Calcium

Question 33

What two proteins are found in actin?

Answer 33

Troponin and tropomyosin

Question 34

Which protein does calcium bind to?

Answer 34

Troponin

Question 35

The calcium and Troponin moves to expose the binding sites know as?

Answer 35

Tropomyosin

Question 36

What is released as a result of action potential that allows cross bridges to form from myosin to new actin sites?

Answer 36

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 37

There is a reappearing cycle of cross bridge formation which causes?

Answer 37

Movement and release

Question 38

What occurs when returning to resting state?

Answer 38

ACh is inactivated, calcium returns to SR, binding sites are covered and cross bridges break away

Question 39

What does ATP provide energy for?

Answer 39

Movement of crossbridges, disconnection of crossbridges, and transporting calcium back to SR

Question 40

What do many myofibrils create?

Answer 40

Muscle fibres