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Exercise Science > Chapter 3: Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Muscular System Flashcards

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0
Q

How much of your body weight accounts for your muscles?

A

30%-40%

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1
Q

How many muscles in the body?

A

Over 650

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2
Q

What are the major functions of the muscular system?

A

Movement, support and heat production

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3
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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4
Q

Which two types of muscle tissues are striated?

A

Skeletal and cardiac

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5
Q

What are the five property’s of muscle cells?

A

Conductivity, contractibility, extend ability, elasticity, irritability

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6
Q

What is irritability?

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

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7
Q

What is conductivity?

A

Ability to transmit nerve impulses

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8
Q

What is the basic muscle unit?

A

Sarcomere

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9
Q

What is a sarcomere made of?

A

Actin and myosin

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10
Q

What is created with many sarcomeres?

A

Myofibrils

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11
Q

What is the connective tissue surrounding muscle fibres?

A

Endomysium

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12
Q

What binds many muscle fibres?

A

Perimysium

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13
Q

What binds many perimysiums? What does it form?

A

Epimysium, extends beyond muscle to form the tendon

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14
Q

How do muscles indirectly attach to bones?

A

Epimysium extends past muscle as a tendon and attaches to periosteum of bone

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15
Q

How do muscles directly attach to bones?

A

Epimysium fuses directly to the periosteum

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16
Q

What is the least moveable part or point of muscle attachment?

A

Origin

17
Q

What is the most moveable part of muscle attachment farthest from the midline?

A

Insertion

18
Q

Which muscle is primarily involved for movement?

A

Agonist

19
Q

Which muscle counteracts the agonist by lengthening?

A

Antagonist

20
Q

What are some reasons for muscle names?

A

Function, points of attachment, number if heads, location, shape, direction of fibres

21
Q

What are the three types of muscle contractions?

A

Concentric, eccentric and isometric

22
Q

What type of exercise is controlled concentric and eccentric contractions?

A

Isotonic exercise

23
Q

What is isometric exercise?

A

Muscle fibres maintain same length/static

24
Q

What is isokinetic exercise?

A

Machines control speed of contractions through muscles full range of motion

25
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

The point of contact between the nerve and muscle/motor unit

26
Q

What makes up the motor unit?

A

Motor neuron, axon and muscle fibres

27
Q

What is the all or none principle?

A

Motor units will contract fully or not at all

28
Q

What is it called when muscle converts chemical energy in mechanical energy?

A

Excitation-contraction coupling

29
Q

What does the sliding filament theory explain?

A

Physiology of muscle contractions

30
Q

How does the sliding filament theory begin?

A

Message from brain is sent to CNS to PNS to neuromuscular junction in motor unit.

31
Q

What is released into the synaptic cleft? What is then generated causing the membrane to change?

A

Acetylcholine. Action potential.

32
Q

What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, into the sarcoplasm?

A

Calcium

33
Q

What two proteins are found in actin?

A

Troponin and tropomyosin

34
Q

Which protein does calcium bind to?

A

Troponin

35
Q

The calcium and Troponin moves to expose the binding sites know as?

A

Tropomyosin

36
Q

What is released as a result of action potential that allows cross bridges to form from myosin to new actin sites?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

37
Q

There is a reappearing cycle of cross bridge formation which causes?

A

Movement and release

38
Q

What occurs when returning to resting state?

A

ACh is inactivated, calcium returns to SR, binding sites are covered and cross bridges break away

39
Q

What does ATP provide energy for?

A

Movement of crossbridges, disconnection of crossbridges, and transporting calcium back to SR

40
Q

What do many myofibrils create?

A

Muscle fibres

Exercise Science (10 decks)

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