Chapter 7 Textbook Questions Flashcards
The definition of _____________ is “responding that meets the negative reinforcement contingency no longer removes or reduces the aversive event. As a result, responding decreases to baseline (no reinforcer) levels”.
positive reinforcement
escape extinction
punishment
negative reinforcement
escape extinction
Imagine that a behavioral pharmacologist just invented a new compound that, when taken completely blocks the reinforcing effects of cocaine. That ism if an individual who regularly takes cocaine also uses this new compound the next time they take cocaine they will not get high, not even a little bit. Based on what you have learned about extinction, which of the following do you predict will happen?
The cocaine user may try another route of administration (i.e. if they usually smoke crack cocaine, when they don’t get high, they may try snorting cocaine)
the cocaine user will become angry when they do not get high
there will be a reduction in cocaine use
they may try to get high using a different drug such as methamphetamine
all of the above are predictable effects of the new compound
all of the above are predictable effects of the new compound
One predictor of how quickly operant extinction will decrease a response is the prior rate of reinforcement. The _____ frequency the response had been reinforced, the _____ slowly the response will undergo extinction. This direct relation between prior reinforcement rate and how quickly behavior undergoes extinction is called the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE).
less; less
less; more
more; less
none of the above
less; more
At the dog-training class, the instructor told Carl that he should stop feeding his dog scraps while at the dinner table. “That will extinguish his begging behavior”, the instructor said. Carl takes the advice and by the end of the week, his dog no longer whines and begs at his side while Carl is eating. “The thing is,” says Carl to the instructor, “the dog still begs for a few seconds at the beginning of each meal.” “Ah,” says the instructor knowingly, “that’s an instance of _______________. Don’t worry, if you keep extinguishing begging, that too will go away with time.”
habituation
spontaneous recover of operant behavior
phylogenetically selected behavior
motivated escape
spontaneous recover of operant behavior
When one operant behavior is extinguished, other operant behaviors that were previously reinforced are emitted again. This reliable effect of extinction is called
extinction-induced emotional behavior
extinction-induced residual momentum
extinction burst
extinction-induced resurgence
extinction-induced resurgence
The goal(s) of a functional analysis of behavior is (are) to…
identify the reinforcer maintaining problem behavior
determine if the problem behavior is operant behavior
both a and b
none of the above
both a and b
In the procedure known as differential reinforcement, a previously reinforced behavior is placed on _______, while a second behavior is ________. This is a useful procedure when the goal is to reduce a problem behavior and replace it with a more adaptive behavior
a penalty zone; removed from that zone
extinction; reinforced
hold; targeted for change
reinforcement; extinguished
extinction; reinforced
Charlie’s dog jumps up on the legs of his guests as they enter his apartment. The guests always pet the dog. Charlie decides to address this problem behavior using a technique he learned in his behavioral analysis class. Each day, when he enters his apartment and his dog jumps up on his legs, he does not pet the dog (extinction). Instead, he leads the dog 10 feet away, to a carpet square in the corner, and pets the dog enthusiastically when it sits on the square. Charlie practices this every day, when he arrives home. About two weeks into this training, Charlie comes home to find his dog already sitting on his carpet square as Charlie walks into the room. Charlie proudly reinforces this behavior. Later, when some friends come over to watch a movie, the dog runs to the carpet square as the guests arrive. Charlie instructs his friends to reinforce this behavior. What technique did Charlie use to teach his dog to sit on the carpet square, instead of jumping on the legs of his guests?
differential reinforcement of alternate behavior
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
differential reinforcement of other behavior
differential reinforcement of variability
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
The single-subject experimental design used when conducting a functional analysis of behavior is the __________ design
comparison
reversal
alternating-treatments
multiple-baseline
alternating-treatments
When self-injurious behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement, it is impossible to use ________ because there is no way to turn OFF the reinforcer
conditional stimulation
extinction
confluential stimulation
conditioned stimulation
extinction
