Chapter 3 textbook questions Flashcards
_____ are variables that are influencing behavior within an experiment, but are not controlled by the researcher
confounds
constatns
controls
compensators
confounds
behavior is not _____ when there is a lot of “bounce” from session to session
stable
During his blind taste-testing party, Geoffrey frist tried several bites of Taco A. He had a good sense of how it tasted and then he tried Taco B (it was the exact same taco, but we added salt to it). After 4-5 bites of Taco B, Geoffrey said that he liked Taco B better than Taco A. Which of the single-subject designs is this blind taste test using?
reversal (A-B-A) design
alternation-treatments design
comparison (A-B) design
multiple-baseline design
comparison (A-B) design
In the __________ design, the independent variable is turned ON and OFF to examine its effects on behavior, while simultaneously ruling out confounds.
reversal (A-B-A)
alternation-treatments
comparison (A-B)
multiple-baseline
reversal (A-B-A)
In his third grade science fair project, Ken wanted to see if serving broccoli at dinner time made his father grumpy. Ken had his mom choose the vegetable to be served by pulling a slip of paper out of a coffee cup. Whatever vegetable was on the paper, that’s what mom served. After three weeks of data collection, Ken and his mom agreed – dad was grumpier on nights when broccoli was served. Ken got an Honorable Mention award at the science fair and his mom stopped serving broccoli (which is what he wanted more than the award)
reversal (A-B-A) design
alternation-treatments design
comparison (A-B) design
multiple-baseline design
alternation-treatments design
The ________ design evaluates the functional relation between an independent variable and behavior by conducting a series of time-staggered A-B comparisons either across behaviors, across situations or across individuals
reversal (A-B-A) design
alternation-treatments design
comparison (A-B) design
multiple-baseline design
multiple-baseline design
When considering whether the change in an individual’s behavior is visually convincing, a good rule of thumb is that changes in level or trend are more convincing when the change is _______ relative to the amount of ______ in the data
large; comparisons
small; comparisons
small; bounce
large; bounce
large; bounce
When conducting a visual analysis, Step 1 is to draw a trend arrow through the baseline data and Step 2 is to …
begin the intervention phase
assess IOA
consider if you have selected the appropriate single-subject experimental design
evaluate if the data are too bouncy to have confidence in the prediction of the trend arrow
evaluate if the data are too bouncy to have confidence in the prediction of the trend arrow
Drawing a trend arrow through the baseline data allows us to predict …
the future trend and/or level of behavior in the immediate future, assuming nothing changes
the likely effect of the intervention, once it is introduced
the likelihood that the individual will withdraw from the experiment before it is concluded
nothing; it is impossible to predict future behavior based on past behavior
the future trend and/or level of behavior in the immediate future, assuming nothing changes
