Chapter 11/12/13 Textbook Questions Flashcards
This type of reinforcement describes a contingency in which the response is sometimes but not always reinforced
intermittent reinforcement
negative reinforcement
choice
generalization
intermittent reinforcement
A post-reinforcement pause followed by a high-constant rate of responding which ends with a reinforcer (aka a “break and run”) describes what schedule of reinforcement?
positive reinforcement
variable schedule
fixed ratio (FR) schedule
scallop
fixed ratio (FR) schedule
A procedure used to gradually reduce the rate of reinforcement, while being careful to maintain the desired behavior
negative reinforcement
scheduling/schedule thinning
prompting
shaping
scheduling/schedule thinning
The subway trains in Mexico City are very reliable. They arrive in the station every 4 minutes. Madison enters the station just as a train is pulling out, so she knows it will be a little while before the next train arrives. Madison sits down on a bench and scrolls through her social-media feed. A few minutes later, she looks up to see if she can see a train coming down the tracks. Nothing. Maybe 30 s later she looks down the tracks again but doesn’t see a train. About 30 s later she puts her phone away, stands up and continuously looks down the track until she can see the train approaching at a distance. This pattern of behavior is called a fixed-interval
scallop
establishing operation (EO)
generalization
reinforcer
scallop
The schedule of reinforcement that will maintain the most behavior
variable ratio (VR)
fixed ratio (FR)
negative reinforcement
shaping
variable ratio (VR)
An antecedent stimulus that can evoke a specific operant response because the individual has learned that when this stimulus is present, that response will be reinforced
generalization
prompt
discriminative stimulus (SD)
S delta
discriminative stimulus (SD)
A discriminative stimulus (SD) will evoke a response only if a(n) ___________________ increases the efficacy of the reinforcer that will be obtained by making that response
establishing operation (EO)
reward
punishment
prompt
establishing operation (EO)
________________ occurs when a novel stimulus resembling the SD evokes the response, despite that response never having been reinforced in the presence of that novel stimulus.
chaining
shaping
intermittent reinforcement
generalization
generalization
There are two methods for teaching an individual to emit a stimulus-response chain. In the method known as ________________________ the final link in the chain is taught first and, once that link is mastered, addition links are added in reverse order.
shaping
backwards chaining
task analysis
establishing operation (EO)
backwards chaining
An antecedent stimulus that facilitates or guides the desired response when it is not happening under appropriate stimulus control
prompt
warning
negative reinforcement
choice
prompt
It is defined as voluntary behavior occurring in a context in which alternative behaviors are possible
choice
impulsivity
reinforcement
chaining
choice
A(n) ________________ reinforcer is a reinforcer that is increasingly consumed when access to another reinforcer is constrained.
positive
substitute reinforcer
secondary
discriminative
substitute reinforcer
A(n) __________________ choice is made when the individual chooses the larger-later reward and foregoes the smaller-sooner reward
impulsive
voluntary
mentalistic
self-control
self-control
If the decision is made at T1 between the smaller-sooner reward (SSR) and the larger-later reward (LLR), the individual will make the _____________ choice (see image)
impulsive
self-control
delayed discounting
voluntary
impulsive
Who developed the matching law?
herrnstein
skinner
thorndike
ferster
herrnstein
