Chapter 10 Textbook Questions Flashcards
Justinian saw that the trash truck was coming and he forgot to take his trash can to the curb. He runs outside barefoot to grab the can. To his surprise, he steps on a beer bottle cap which really hurts. As he is grabbing his foot and cursing, the trash truck passes his rental house and Justinian curses a bit louder. After that, Justinian never left the house without at least putting on a pair of sandals. The pain experienced contingent upon walking outside barefoot can be classified as a __________________.
vectral punisher
positive punisher
negative punisher
punishment
positive punisher
Charlie works about 8 overtime hours per week. He says he hates it, but it helps his family make ends meet. On Monday, Charlie lost his temper and yelled at his boss. His boss told him that he was barring him from working any overtime hours for the rest of the week. This reduced Charlie’s income. After that, Charlie was careful to hold his tongue when he was angry with his boss. Barring Charlie from working overtime hours appears to function as a
none of the above
conditioned punisher
primary punisher
negative punisher
negative punisher
When Brittany listened to the new Marina and the Diamonds song she found the sound of Marina’s voice highly aversive. She never played it again. What behavioral procedure explains this reduction in Brittany’s listening to Marina and the Diamonds?
negative reinforcement of the escape variety
negative punishment
negative reinforcement of the avoidance variety
positive punishment
positive punishment
Burns got a job teaching at the local high-school. On the first day, he had many problems with class clowns and rude behaviors occurring during his lecture (e.g., one student sitting in the back would make squishy sounds every time Mr. Burns took a step). Burns had had enough of this about 30 minutes into his first class. He started subtracting 1 point from each student who spoke (or made squishy sounds) without first raising their hand. Mr. Burns found that this _____________________ procedure resulted in an immediate decrease in inappropriate verbal responses.
positive punishment
I was saying “Boo-urns”
squishy punishment
negative punishment
negative punishment
Punishment interventions are more effective when they are combined with ___________ and/or _______________.
generalization; habituation
reinforcement; habituation
extinction; differential reinforcement
habituation; Pavlovian extinction
extinction; differential reinforcement
In humans and nonhumans alike, ____________ punishers are far less effective than _______________ punishers.
delayed; immediate
positive; negative
conditioned; secondary
immediate; delayed
delayed; immediate
As a child, Gregory was often in trouble with his parents. When he engaged in inappropriate behavior, his father would always whip him with a belt after coming home from work (it was the 1960s). Despite these many spankings, Gregory kept engaging in mischievous behaviors. What Gregory’s parents did not know was that while waiting for his father to come home, belt at the ready, Gregory was putting on 3 pairs of underwear and 3 pairs of jeans. Thus, as the belt whipping was occurring, Gregory was in no pain at all (but he did put on a good show of crying).
What principle of effective punishment were Gregory’s parents not able to adhere to, because of Gregory’s mischievous trouser-concealing behaviors? In contemplating your answer, do not read anything into the scenario that is not clearly specified.
Use a punisher in the Goldilocks zone - neither too aversive not so benign that it does not decrease the problem behavior
deliver punishers non-contingently
punish the problem behavior infrequently
punish with a switch that the child is asked to cut from a tree in the backyard
Use a punisher in the Goldilocks zone - neither too aversive not so benign that it does not decrease the problem behavior
When punishers are delivered contingently, they ___________ aggressive behavior. When punishers are delivered non-contingently, they often ___________ aggressive behavior.
increase (elicit); decrease
decrease; increase (elicit)
generate; suppress
elicit; neutralize
decrease; increase (elicit)
Like conditioned reinforcers, conditioned punishers will gradually lose their ability to decrease a problem behavior if they are presented repeatedly without…
also presenting a primary reinforcer
the unconditioned stimulus (US); i.e., the backup punisher
the conditioned response (CR); i.e., the elicitied response
also presenting a positive reinforcer
the unconditioned stimulus (US); i.e., the backup punisher
A ____________________ is a signaled response-contingent suspension of a positive reinforcement contingency, the effect of which decreases the future probability of behavior.
timeout from positive reinforcement
timeout from punishment
timeout from learning
timeout from negative reinforcement
timeout from positive reinforcement
The textbook outlines four guidelines for effectively using timeout from positive reinforcement. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?
the timeout should end after no more than 5 minutes, even if the child is not sitting quietly
timeouts are effective only if they significantly reduce access to reinforcers
every instance of the problem behavior should be punished with a timeout from positive reinforcement
provide no more than three verbal warnings before putting the individual in timeout
provide no more than three verbal warnings before putting the individual in timeout
Behavioral game theorists have arranged games like the Public Goods Game (4 players decide whether or not to contribute $1 to a group project, with everyone in the group equally splitting the money earned from the project). When this cooperation/competition game is played without punishment the stable pattern of behavior is _______________. When the game is played with the opportunity to punish the behavior of others, the stable pattern of behavior is _______________.
maximizing; minimizing
cooperation; selfishness
altruism; greed
selfishness; cooperation
selfishness; cooperation
Behavioral game theorists have arranged games like the Public Goods Game (4 players decide whether or not to contribute $1 to a group project, with everyone in the group equally splitting the money earned from the project). Prior to playing the game, most players prefer a version of the game in which no one can punish the behavior of anyone else. After playing the game for several rounds…
almost all of the players prefer the version of the game in which punishment is possible. When greed is punished, it deters the act of behaving uncooperatively
none of the above
most player temporarily prefer the version of the game that allows punishment. However, when they see how it reduces cooperation and induces rampant cheating, they return to their original preference for the no-punishment version of the game
nothing changes. Most players still want to play the game in which punishment is impossible
almost all of the players prefer the version of the game in which punishment is possible. When greed is punished, it deters the act of behaving uncooperatively
