Chapter 7: Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood Flashcards
INITIATIVE VS GUILT erikson’s theory of early childhood development
- 3-5 years
- children have abundant initiative, or enthusiasm, to try new things and do them independently and often experience disappointment when they do things incorrectly
psychological disorders
a pattern of feelings, thinking, or behaviors that causes distress and makes it difficult to function
during early childhood, children become more ________________ when it comes to managing their feelings, rather than depending on others to help calm them down
self-regulated
emotional socialization
the process of learning how to express feelings in a way that is appropriate for your culture
ethnotheories
families’ beliefs about why emotions happen and how to display them
gender roles
the social and cultural ideas a person holds about appropriate behaviors or roles of people based on their gender
gender schemas
a framework for understanding the world in terms of cultural expectations related to gender identity
sex
refers to the biological markers that relates to reproductive characteristics
gender
refers to cultural and social ideas about men, women, and less binary distinctions
gender identity
refers to your sense of yourself as male, female, or something that is less binary
gender expression
describes how people display their gender in terms of their name, pronouns, or characteristics such as hairstyle
authoritative parenting
type of caregiving associated with confident and successful children in which caregivers have high expectations for their children’s behavior, but they are also warm and communicative
authoritarian parenting
A type of caregiving in which caregivers have high expectations for their children’s behavior but very little warmth. Authoritarian parents make rules and expect their children to obey them
permissive parenting
Caregiving without rules. Permissive parents have low expectations for children’s behavior but a high degree of affection
neglectful parenting
Caregiving without warmth or expectations. Children from neglectful families are at high risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties as they grow up
discipline
caregiving practices or strategies used to teach children how to behave by setting rules, encouraging good behavior, and discouraging missteps
power-assertive techniques
disciplinary strategies that rely on parents’ control
inductive reasoning
a disciplinary approach that relies on motivating children to change their behavior through talk
maltreatment
the general term scholars use to describe the many types of abuse and neglect of children by adults who are responsible for them
abuse
the legal term used to describe the most serious types of harm to children, which can be physical, emotional, sexual, or neglectful
between the ages of __ and __ children spend more time playing than they ever will again
2 1/2 and 5
parallel play
when children play physically close together cut are not working on a shared project
cooperative play
playing together on a joint project
functional play
Play that has a goal or achievement orientation, such as art, puzzles, rule-based games, and physical skills such as hopping, climbing, etc
constructive play
play that involves all forms of creativity
sociodramatic play
Play that involves pretending to be something you are not and requires symbolic thought and theory of mind
rough-and-tumble play
physically active play where children chase, play fight, and wrestle
relational aggression
using words and relationships to hurt another person socially or emotionally
reactive aggression
a hostile action out of frustration or anger in an immediate reaction to something that has just happened
proactive aggression
aggression that is planned and executed on purpose to gain personal advantage (sometimes called instrumental aggression)
