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Psychology 203: Human Growth and Development > Chapter 1: The Science of Human Development > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Science of Human Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Lifespan development

A

the changes and stability that happens between birth and death

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2
Q

The major periods of lifespan development

A

1- prenatal period
2- infant and toddler years
3- early childhood
4- middle childhood
5- adolescence
6- early adulthood
7- middle adulthood
8- late adulthood

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3
Q

The prenatal period

A

the period before birth; plays an important role in later development, influencing health and psychological development

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4
Q

The infant and toddler years

A

the first two and a half years; begin to move on their own

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5
Q

Early childhood

A

years between 2 1/2 and 6; manage their own behavior and emotions

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6
Q

Middle childhood

A

the period between 6 and 12; making friends and excelling in school

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7
Q

Adolescence

A

the period between 11 or 12 to young adult

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8
Q

Early adulthood

A

from about 18 to 30

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9
Q

Middle adulthood

A

lasting from 30s to 60s; longest stage; establishes an independent identity

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10
Q

Late adulthood

A

from around 60s to 80s to death

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11
Q

Developmental science

A

the systematic study of how humans grow and the underlying processes that create change over time

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12
Q

Developmental science is both

A

interdisciplinary and international

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13
Q

The Domains of development

A

1- physical development
2- cognitive development
3- social development

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14
Q

Physical development

A

how people’s bodies change and the impact of health on well-being

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15
Q

Cognitive Development

A

how our thinking and reasoning abilities change overtime

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16
Q

Social development

A

how we relate to other people, including family, romantic partners, and community

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17
Q

John Locke

A

(1632-1704); child as “blank slate”

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18
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

(1712-1778); child is born good but corrupted by the world

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19
Q

Ibn al-Haytham

A

(late 1500s); espoused rigorous experimental study; adapted by European scientists into scientific methods

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20
Q

Mid-1800s and beyond

A

foundations for modern disciplines developed

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21
Q

Context

A

refers to the broad external factors that surround each of us

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22
Q

Bioecological model

A

describes the environments that affect development as being organized into a series of nested systems

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23
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory of Development

A
  • macrosystem
  • exosystem
  • mesosystem
  • microsystem
  • the individual (person)
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24
Q

Macrosystem

A

attitudes and ideologies of the culture

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25
Q

Exosystem

A

includes the institutions that structure our community, such as media and governmental institutions

26
Q

Mesosystem

A

the interactions of the various systems

27
Q

Microsystem

A

the closest people and institutions that influence a person’s life include family, friends, school, as well as healthcare providers

28
Q

The individual (person)

A
  • sex
  • age
  • health
29
Q

Adaptive culture

A
  • traditions
  • legacies
  • histories
30
Q

Competencies

A
  • communicative
  • cognitive
  • coping skills
31
Q

Family

A
  • structure
  • beliefs
  • socioeconomic status
32
Q

Environmental institutions

A
  • schools
  • neighborhoods
  • health care systems
33
Q

Individual characteristics

A
  • personality
  • health
  • physical
34
Q

Culture

A

the ideas, beliefs, and social practices that a group of people shares

35
Q

Yosso’s Community cultural wealth

A

skills and abilities to navigate social institutions; includes areas of strength and resilience

36
Q

Forms of cultural strength that contribute to resilience

A
  • aspirational capital
  • linguistic capital
  • familial capital
  • social capital
  • navigational capital
  • resistant capital
37
Q

Aspirational capital

A

the ability to maintain hopes and dreams

38
Q

Linguistic capital

A

refers to communication skills

39
Q

Familial capital

A

a sense of togetherness, caring, and connection, bringing together a community’s memories and cultural knowledge

40
Q

Social capital

A

networks of peers and other social contacts that provide support for navigating society

41
Q

Navigational capital

A

skills for maneuvering through social institutions that were not typically created for diverse communities to have a history of structural exclusion

42
Q

Resistant capital

A

knowledge and skills developed in practices that challenge inequality and subordination

43
Q

Plasticity

A

the idea that human development is moldable, like plastic, by experience

44
Q

4 major themes pervade developmental science

A

1- each person’s development is a complex interaction between them and the world
2- the process of development is universal but also unique to each person
3- culture and community context are critical
4- change is constant

45
Q

nature

A

the influence of genetics on development

46
Q

nurture

A

the influence of experience on development

47
Q

birth cohorts

A

the categories that experts use to group people from different generations

48
Q

intersectionality

A

refers to the fact that we all have multiple, intersecting cultural identities

49
Q

cultural humility

A

openness to cultural diversity and a self-awareness of your own cultural background

50
Q

developmental niche

A

a person’s cultural environment, material setting, and beliefs of their family

51
Q

ethnotheories

A

parents’ ideas or beliefs about children’s development

52
Q

independent communities

A

communities that value individual rights (also known as autonomy)

53
Q

individualistic communities

A

communities that have strong traditions of valuing the individual over larger groups, communities, or families

54
Q

collectivist communities

A

communities that place more value on relatedness and closeness and tend to value the family or the group over the individual

55
Q

maturation

A

the genetically programmed growth that drives many aspects of development

56
Q

sensitive periods

A

the times in the lifespan when growth is particularly responsive to input from the world

57
Q

continuous growth

A

a model of change that is relatively constant and stable

58
Q

discontinuous growth

A

a model of change that is more irregular and unstable, happening in sprints and pauses

59
Q

discontinuous growth can happen in discrete ___________ where development changes dramatically

A

stages

60
Q

epigenetics

A

area of study that examines characteristics changed by the environment

61
Q

resilience

A

ability to bounce back and recover despite difficult times

Psychology 203: Human Growth and Development (10 decks)

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