Chapter 7: Reaction to change home and abroad

Question 1

What were the nobles ideology?

Answer 1

Defended monarchy.

Question 2

What were the society de 89’s ideology?

Answer 2

Constitutional monarchy.

Question 3

Who were some notable members of the society de 89?

Answer 3

Wealthy moderates:

• Sieyes.
• Lafayette.
• Bailly.
• Mirabeau.

Question 4

What was the Jacobins real name (Jacobin was just a popular nickname)?

Answer 4

Friends of the constitution.

Question 5

Who were some notable members of the Jacobins club?

Answer 5

• Maximillien Robespierre.
• Danton.
• Hebert.

Question 6

What were the Jacobins ideologies?

Answer 6

• Democracy.
• Constitutional monarchy.
• Originally fee paying but became cheaper and more radical in 1791.

Question 7

What types of people were in the Cordeliers?

Answer 7

Women, men, passive citizens, Marat.

Question 8

What were the Cordeliers ideologies?

Answer 8

• Most radical.

- Fought for the working class.

Question 9

What did the Societe fraternelle do?

Answer 9

Explain NA decrees to the third estate in easier terms.

Question 10

What were the Breton Club’s ideologies?

Answer 10

• Voting by head.
• A constitution.
• A National Assembly.

Question 11

Who formed the Feuillants club?

Answer 11

Monarchiens once in the Jacobin club.

Question 12

What was the Feuillants ideology?

Answer 12

• Non-radical.
• Moderate.
• Constitutional.

Question 13

What were the Girondins (Brissots) ideologies?

Answer 13

• In favour of war.

- Opposed by radical Jacobins.

Question 14

What do Desmoulins, Marat and Hebert all have in common?

Answer 14

All founded rev newspapers.

Question 15

Why did the royal family try to flee to Varennes?

Answer 15

• Prisoners at Tuileries.
• Civil Constitution of the Clergy - goes against King’s devout religious ideas.
• Mirabeau (ally in NA) died - could no longer really negotiate with NA.
• Saint-Cloud incident.
• Marie Antoinette wanted too.

Question 16

When and what was the Saint-Cloud incident (Flight to Varennes cause)?

Answer 16

April 1791 - Louis and family planned to go to Saint-Cloud palace to have mass by a refractory priest, NG and mob prevented them from leaving Tuileries.

Question 17

What mistakes did the royal family make in their flight to Varennes?

Answer 17

• All travelled together in large 6 horse carriage.
• Very behind schedule - so much so that troops gave up waiting and left, leaving family with no protection.
• Bad disguises - postmaster identified them and stopped coach so NA could escort them back to Paris.

Question 18

What were the outcomes of the flight to Varennes?

Answer 18

• Public hated them - kept hats on in disrespect upon his return.
• Showed Louis didn’t support revolution.
• Louis temporarily suspended until constitution made - July 1791.
• Talk of a republic.
• NG stricter on refractory priests and anti-revs.

Question 19

When was the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 19

20th June 1791.

Question 20

Why did people gather on the Champ de Mars?

Answer 20

Cordeliers club arranged a petition to be signed their calling for a republic.

Question 21

When was the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?

Answer 21

17th July 1791.

Question 22

What were the events of the Champ de Mars?

Answer 22

• Huge crowd.
• NG sent to keep order (led my bailly and Lafayette).
• Crowd didn’t respond to warning shots so NG started shooting.

Question 23

Roughly how many people were killed at the Champ de Mars demonstration?

Answer 23

Only around 50.

Question 24

What were the outcomes of the Champ de Mars massacre?

Answer 24

• Fendillant club set up - moderate Jacobins.
• Further split third estate - many bourgeoise scared of mobs so became more moderate.
• Rev clubs and newspapers forced to close - Marat and Desmoulins went into hiding.
• Bailly and Lafayette condemned - bailly later executed for massacre.

Question 25

When was the Declaration of Pillnitz declared and by who?

Answer 25

27th August 1791, by Austrian Emperor Leopold II and Frederick-William III of Prussia.

Question 26

What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 26

French crown should be restored and they were ready to use force to do so. Also said it was in all nations ‘common interest’.

Question 27

What were the outcomes of the Declaration fo Pillintz?

Answer 27

Not much, France knew Leopold and Fredrick-William wouldn’t declare war, especially without backing from any other countries.

Question 28

What were the legislative assemblies first 2 decrees in Nov 1791?

Answer 28

1) If emigres didn’t return to France by 1st Jan they’d be permanently banished.
2) Refractory priests had to take an oath or be considered traitors.

Question 29

What were people’s opinion of war? (political clubs, royal fam etc.)?

Answer 29

• Girondins - thought it would easily be won as even enemies would welcome rev soldiers (‘men of liberty’).
• Robespierre - against as should focus on rev at home.
• Royal family - secretly in contact with emigres and Leopold (Antoinette’s bro). Thought war would reestablish King’s power.

Question 30

What were the problems with the French army?

Answer 30

• Blues and whites didn’t trust each other.
• Didn’t trust commanders - eg/ Lafayette bc of Champ de Mars.
• Officers disliked and unexperienced - one massacred for treason.

Question 31

When did France declare war on Austria?

Answer 31

20th April 1792.

Question 32

What 3 decrees did the assembly pass during war? What was the King’s response?

Answer 32

1) Deportation of refractory priests.
2) Disbanding of King’s Guards - accused of celebrating French failure.
3) fédéré camp set up to take over from NG that were now v radical.
→King used suspensory veto against all 3.

Question 33

What was Lafayette correctly accused of during war?

Answer 33

Planning a counter revolution.