Chapter 7: Reaction to change home and abroad Flashcards
What were the nobles ideology?
Defended monarchy.
What were the society de 89’s ideology?
Constitutional monarchy.
Who were some notable members of the society de 89?
Wealthy moderates:
- Sieyes.
- Lafayette.
- Bailly.
- Mirabeau.
What was the Jacobins real name (Jacobin was just a popular nickname)?
Friends of the constitution.
Who were some notable members of the Jacobins club?
- Maximillien Robespierre.
- Danton.
- Hebert.
What were the Jacobins ideologies?
- Democracy.
- Constitutional monarchy.
- Originally fee paying but became cheaper and more radical in 1791.
What types of people were in the Cordeliers?
Women, men, passive citizens, Marat.
What were the Cordeliers ideologies?
- Most radical.
- Fought for the working class.
What did the Societe fraternelle do?
Explain NA decrees to the third estate in easier terms.
What were the Breton Club’s ideologies?
- Voting by head.
- A constitution.
- A National Assembly.
Who formed the Feuillants club?
Monarchiens once in the Jacobin club.
What was the Feuillants ideology?
- Non-radical.
- Moderate.
- Constitutional.
What were the Girondins (Brissots) ideologies?
- In favour of war.
- Opposed by radical Jacobins.
What do Desmoulins, Marat and Hebert all have in common?
All founded rev newspapers.
Why did the royal family try to flee to Varennes?
- Prisoners at Tuileries.
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy - goes against King’s devout religious ideas.
- Mirabeau (ally in NA) died - could no longer really negotiate with NA.
- Saint-Cloud incident.
- Marie Antoinette wanted too.
When and what was the Saint-Cloud incident (Flight to Varennes cause)?
April 1791 - Louis and family planned to go to Saint-Cloud palace to have mass by a refractory priest, NG and mob prevented them from leaving Tuileries.
What mistakes did the royal family make in their flight to Varennes?
- All travelled together in large 6 horse carriage.
- Very behind schedule - so much so that troops gave up waiting and left, leaving family with no protection.
- Bad disguises - postmaster identified them and stopped coach so NA could escort them back to Paris.
What were the outcomes of the flight to Varennes?
- Public hated them - kept hats on in disrespect upon his return.
- Showed Louis didn’t support revolution.
- Louis temporarily suspended until constitution made - July 1791.
- Talk of a republic.
- NG stricter on refractory priests and anti-revs.
When was the Flight to Varennes?
20th June 1791.
Why did people gather on the Champ de Mars?
Cordeliers club arranged a petition to be signed their calling for a republic.
When was the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?
17th July 1791.
What were the events of the Champ de Mars?
- Huge crowd.
- NG sent to keep order (led my bailly and Lafayette).
- Crowd didn’t respond to warning shots so NG started shooting.
Roughly how many people were killed at the Champ de Mars demonstration?
Only around 50.
What were the outcomes of the Champ de Mars massacre?
- Fendillant club set up - moderate Jacobins.
- Further split third estate - many bourgeoise scared of mobs so became more moderate.
- Rev clubs and newspapers forced to close - Marat and Desmoulins went into hiding.
- Bailly and Lafayette condemned - bailly later executed for massacre.
When was the Declaration of Pillnitz declared and by who?
27th August 1791, by Austrian Emperor Leopold II and Frederick-William III of Prussia.
What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
French crown should be restored and they were ready to use force to do so. Also said it was in all nations ‘common interest’.
What were the outcomes of the Declaration fo Pillintz?
Not much, France knew Leopold and Fredrick-William wouldn’t declare war, especially without backing from any other countries.
What were the legislative assemblies first 2 decrees in Nov 1791?
1) If emigres didn’t return to France by 1st Jan they’d be permanently banished.
2) Refractory priests had to take an oath or be considered traitors.
What were people’s opinion of war? (political clubs, royal fam etc.)?
- Girondins - thought it would easily be won as even enemies would welcome rev soldiers (‘men of liberty’).
- Robespierre - against as should focus on rev at home.
- Royal family - secretly in contact with emigres and Leopold (Antoinette’s bro). Thought war would reestablish King’s power.
What were the problems with the French army?
- Blues and whites didn’t trust each other.
- Didn’t trust commanders - eg/ Lafayette bc of Champ de Mars.
- Officers disliked and unexperienced - one massacred for treason.
When did France declare war on Austria?
20th April 1792.
What 3 decrees did the assembly pass during war? What was the King’s response?
1) Deportation of refractory priests.
2) Disbanding of King’s Guards - accused of celebrating French failure.
3) fédéré camp set up to take over from NG that were now v radical.
→King used suspensory veto against all 3.
What was Lafayette correctly accused of during war?
Planning a counter revolution.
