Chapter 5: The Revolution, May - October 1789 Flashcards
When was the first Estates General-session held?
5th May 1789.
What wasn’t mentioned in the first Estates-General session? (Third Estate’s concerns)
- No reform package.
- No talk of future meetings - how would voting take place?
What was said in the first Estates-General session?
- Louis claimed to be ‘the first friends of the people’.
- Necker spoke about the needs for new taxes.
When was the National Assembly formed?
17th June 1789.
Why was the National Assembly formed?
- Third Estate didn’t want to meet separately from the other two estates to verify their credentials.
- Third Estate refused to carry out verification until voting by head was agreed on.
- Abbé Sieyès influencial third estate leader - said third estate are the nation and could act alone - encourages some clerics to join.
What is voting by head?
Every representative got one vote.
What is voting by order?
1 vote per estate.
When was the Tennis Court Oath?
20th June 1789.
Explain the events leading up to the Tennis Court Oath.
- National Assembly’s meeting place being altered, so doors locked and guarded when members got there.
- Assembly worried King was trying to dissolve them.
- President Bailly took them to a royal Tennis Court instead and the Assembly promised to never disband until France had a new constitution.
- First revolutionary act.
What happened in the 23rd June 1789 royal session?
- Louis agreed to new tax and fairer land tax.
- Louis refused to say ‘National Assembly’.
- Louis wanted estates to meet separately.
- Members refused to leave at the end as an act of defiance.
What were the consequences of the 23rd June royal session?
- Louis reminded everything he said, recognised NA and permitted voting by head.
- Troops sent to capital - increased suspicions.
- Rumours spread - grain supplies cut off - Assembly destroyed etc.
When was Necker dismissed?
11th July 1789.
When was the storming of the Bastille?
14th July 1789.
What happened in the storming of Bastille?
- mobs raided gunshots to arm themselves.
- Destroyed 40/54 custom posts.
- Prisons,factories and a monastry raided.
- Raided war veteran retirement home to get muskets.
- Attacked Bastille to get gunpowder.
How many casualties were there in the storming of Bastille?
70 killed.
When and how did the King react to the storming of Bastille?
- 17th July.
- King stood outside a hotel in Paris with the new mayor of Paris (Bailly).
- Wore revolutionary cockade.
- Reinstated Necker (who was popular w the people).
- Accepted the National Assembly.
What was the storming of Bastille symbolic of?
The destruction of the Ancien Regime’s power.
Why were the national guard formed?
- To protect bourgeoise’s property and defend Paris from sans-culottes (ordinary people).
- Lafayette as commander.
Why were people in the countryside angry in the lead up to The Great Fear?
- 1788 Poor harvest.
- Bad winter.
- Rumours of brigands (nobles) hoarding grain.
- Thought the only way to get rid of feudal duties was to destroy records.
- Cahiers (grievances) gave them hope.
The Great Fear dates.
17th July - 3rd August 1789.
What were the main events of The Great Fear?
- Grain stores looted.
- Feudal records destroyed.
- Chateaux (manor houses) attacked and burned.
Why were feudal rights abolished?
- To stop riots.
- To encourage peasants to pay tax again.
- To further enlightenment ideas.
When were feudal rights abolished?
4th August 1789.
What decrees were made as a result of The Great Fear (the August Decrees)?
- Feudal dues abolished.
- No venality.
- Tithes and Fees abolished.
- No payments to priests.
- All citizens had to pay taxes.
Why were Parisians angry leading up to the October Days?
- Bad harvest 1788.
- Bread prices rose.
- 88% of wages on bread in 1789.
- RUMOURS of riots and of corn dealers hoarding grain.
- Political awareness grew.
- Cahiers.
- Troops scared Parisians.
- Necker replaced by conservative breteuil.
When was the Declaration of the rights of man and citizen published?
26th August 1789.
What were the rights written in the declaration?
- An elected assembly.
- freedom of worship and expression.
- Tax proportionate to their means.
- Careers and offices open to all.
- Liberty, property, security.
What did the King think about the declaration?
Refused the August decrees and declaration, claiming they went against his divine right.
Chateaux.
Manor House.
Cahiers.
Grievances.
In October,what did the King do to outrage the public?
Stamp on the revolutionary cockade at a banquet.
What happened during the October 5th journeé?
- Mainly women marched from Paris to Versaille.
- Lafayette led NG behind them to keep the peace.
- King’s bodyguards were killed and their heads were put on pikes.
- King and NA forcibly moved to Paris.
What were the consequences of the October 5th journeé?
- King agreed to August decrees and Declaration.
- King and gov now subject to Paris mobs.
- Rev gained power again.
Monarchien.
Members of NA who believed king should have veto so he would accept rev.
