Chapter 13: The aftermath of the Terror Flashcards
What was the government in-between Robespierre and the Directory called?
Thermidorians.
What are some of the key events that happened at the end of 1794, after Robespierre was executed?
August: - Law of 22 Prairial repealed. - Rev tribunal reorganised - guillotinings decreased. - Law of revolutionary gov. - Paris Communes power decreased. November: - Jacobins shut down. December: - Law of Maximum repealed.
When was the revolutionary tribunal abolished?
May 1795.
When was the Jacobin club shut down?
November 1794.
What was the 1794 Law of Revolutionary Gov?
- No. of rev committees decreased.
- CPS’s power decreased - now mainly in charge of war.
- Central gov consisted of 16 committees responsible to Convention.
Name 4 prominent members of the Thermidorians.
Tallien.
Fouche.
Barras.
Freron.
What were some of the Thermidorians key beliefs?
- Liberal conservative.
- Against Jacobins.
- Lacked a strong leader.
Who were the muscadins?
Middle-classed sons of people guillotined in the terror. Attacked sans-culottes and Jacobins.
Why did the muscadins tie their hair back?
To represent their fathers who were guillotined ( had hair tied back to be guillotined).
What was the white terror?
- Thermidorian purges.
- By muscadins, against sans-culottes and Jacobins
- Trampled on tricolore cockades.
- De-martyrised Marat.
- Some royalist, some just wanted revenge.
How did the white terror get its name?
White flower represented bourbon dynasty (Louis’ family).
What did the main victims of the terror (Chouan, Vendee, Lyon etc.) do in the months after Robespierre’s death?
Riot.
Eg/ Chouan’s opposed conscription so set up army against French army.
When and what was the Verona declaration?
June 1795.
Louis brother wanted to be king and restore monarchy.
What was the Feb 1795 Treaty of La Jaunaye?
Peace with royalists so they would stop revolting.
Why was the Oath of religious policy reinstated in February 1795?
Thermidorian attempt to prevent Catholicism increasing.
Catholics were ignoring laws prior to this that stopped them wearing religious dress etc.
Who declared peace with France in the 1795 Peace of Basel treaty?
Prussia and Spain.
Why were Parisians mad during the Thermidorian reign of 1795?
- Thermidorian’s introduced economic freedom, but this was bad bc mean’t no price controls.
- More assignants were printed, leading to inflation.
- Poor harvest.
- Grain hoarding continued.
When was the Rising of Germinal?
1st April 1795.
What was the Rising of Germinal?
- Sans-culottes wanted to show power.
- 10,000 invaded convention.
- Demanded ‘bread and the constitution of 1793’.
- Not armed so NG got rid of them easily.
- Led to Paris being put under martial law.
- Led to disarming of people involved in terror.
When was the Rising of Prairial?
20/21st May 1795.
What was the Rising of Prairial?
- Invaded Convention.
- Murdered deputy Feraud (head paraded on pike).
- Demanded Jacobin prisoners be released, food controls, and 1793 constitution.
- Troops and muscadins called.
- Same thing happened next day.
- Sans-culotte withdrew after Convention made them promises.
- Led to house checks and forced weapon surrender.
Which deputy was killed and had his head paraded around on a pike in the Rising of Prairial?
Feraud.
Which uprising was a royalist one - Germinal, Prarial or Vendemiaire?
Vendemiaire.
When was the Rising of Vendemaire?
5th October 1795.
What was the Rising of Vendemaire?
- Royalist uprising.
- Believed plebiscite against monarch rigged.
- Convention called on ex-army Jacobins.
- Napoleon commanded troops.
- 300 royalists killed.
