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Biochemistry > chapter 7 pt 2 > Flashcards

chapter 7 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

type of polysaccharides that differ from each other in the relativity of their recurring monosaccharides units, in the length of their chains, in the types bonds limiting the units & in the degree of branching

A

Glycons

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2
Q

contain only a singular monomer species

A

homopolysaccharides

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3
Q

contains two or more different kinds (repeating disaccharides) (can have a linear or branched linkages based on enzyme specificity)

A

Heteropolysaccharides

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4
Q

structure arise from linkage type between ____ (structure support functions)

A

monomers

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5
Q

connections can occur from: 1 > ?, 1 > ?, 1-? (for alpha or beta)

A

2, 4, 6

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6
Q

some homopolysaccharides are storage forms of _____

A

fuel

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7
Q

most important storage polysaccharide are _____ in plant cells and _____ in animal cells and _____ (plant structural polymer)

A

starch; glycogen; cellulose

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8
Q

some homopolysaccharides serve _____ roles

A

structural

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9
Q

a water insoluble substance found in the cell wall of plants

A

cellulose

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10
Q

a linear homopolysaccharides composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues M(B1-4) linkage

A

chitin

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11
Q

steric factors & hydrogen bonding influence ______ folding

A

homopolysaccharide

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12
Q

a mixture of sulfated heteropolysaccharides make up of D-galactose and an L-galactose derivative either linked between C-3 and C-6

A

Agar

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13
Q

the agar component with the fewest charged groups

A

Agarose

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14
Q
  • ______ are long, unbranched heteroglycans of repeating disaccharides linked to protein Ser or the residue
  • heteropolysaccharides of the extracellular matrix
    -highly viscous texture (slimy, mucous-like, elastic) due to hydration
A

Glycosaminoglycans

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15
Q

gel-like material that fills the extracellular space in the tissues of the multicellular animals (also called the ground substance)

A

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

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16
Q

-specialized ECM heteropolysaccharides such as ______ are a family of linear polymers composed of repeating disaccharide units

A

glycosaminoglycans

17
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans composed of?

A

composed of glucuronate, amino, and modified sugars (COO- and SO4-)

18
Q

______ are polysaccharides and peptides

A

Glycoconjugates

19
Q

what is the function of glycosaminoglycans?
ex: Heparin segment

A

extracellular matrix mesh with fibrous proteins (collagen) in connective tissues, synovial fluid, eye vitreous humor

20
Q

function of Heparin segment

A

binds to some cells to regulate blood vessel formation and reduces viral/ bacterial virulence

21
Q

contains alternating residues of D-glucuronic acid & N-acetylglucosamine

A

Glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)

22
Q

component of the ECM of cartilage & tendons to which it contributes tensile strength & elasticity as a result of its strong noncovalent interactions with other components of the matrix

A

Hyaluronan

23
Q

contributes to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, heart valves, and the walls of the aorta

A

Chondroitin sulfate

24
Q

contributes to the pliability of skin and also present in blood vessels and heart valves

A

Dermatan sulfate

25
Q

has no uronic acid and their sulfate content is variable

A

Keratan sulfate

26
Q

produced by all animal cells and contains variable arrangements of sulfated and non sulfated sugars

A

Heparan sulfate

27
Q

polysaccharides & _______ are information carriers carbohydrates

A

oligosaccharides

28
Q

informational carbohydrate is covalently joined to a protein or a lipid to form a _____

A

glycoconjugate (biologically active molecule)

29
Q

-macromolecules of the cell surface or ECM
-major components of all extracellular matrixes

A

Proteoglycans

30
Q

have one or more oligosaccharides of varying complexity joined covalently to a protein

A

Glycoproteins

31
Q

What are glycosphingolipids?

A

plasma membrane components in which the hydrophilic head groups are oligosaccharides

32
Q

neurons are rich in glycosphingolipids which help in _____ conduction and ______ formation

A

nerve; myelin

33
Q

2 major families of proteoglycans that contain heparan sulfate chains:

A

syndecans & glypicans

34
Q

have a single transmembrane domain & an extracellular domain bearing 3 to 5 chains of Heparan sulfate & some cases chondroitin sulfate

A

syndecans

35
Q

attached to the membrane by a lipid anchor a derivative of the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol

A

glypicans

36
Q

some proteoglycans can form _____ _________

A

proteoglycan aggregates

37
Q

what are proteoglycan aggregates?

A

enormous supramolecular assemblies of many core proteins all bound to a single molecule of hyaluronan

38
Q

glycoproteins have ______ attached oligosaccharides

A

covalently

39
Q

Glycolipids and ____ are membrane components

A

lipopolysaccharides

Biochemistry (26 decks)

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