Chapter 7 - Psychological Disorders

Question 1

How to diagnose schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Psychotic disorder: suffer from one or more of :

• delusions
• hallucinations
• disorganized thoughts
• disorganized behavior
• Catalonia
• negative symptoms

SCHIZOPHRENIA:
- continuous signs of the disturbance for min 6months
- period must include min 1 month of «active symptoms»
(Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech)

Question 2

Positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 2

Positive:
- added to normal behaviour

Negative :

• absence of normal or desired behaviour
• *disturbance of affect and avolition

Question 3

Delusion of reference

Answer 3

Pos symptom of schizophrenia:
- belief that common elements in the environment are directed toward individual

**characters on tv are talking to individual

Question 4

Delusions of persecution

Answer 4

Person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted against, threatened

Question 5

Delusions of grandeur

Answer 5

Belief you are remarkable in some significant way

Question 6

Thought broadcasting vs thought insertion

Answer 6

Broadcasting:
- ones thoughts are broadcast to the external world

Thought insertion:
- thoughts are placed into ones head

Question 7

Catatonia

Answer 7

Type of disorganized behaviour

Certain motor behaviours characteristic of some people with schizophrenia

**rigid posture, spontaneous activity , bizar movements

Question 8

Disturbance of affect

Answer 8

Affect: display of emotion

Question 9

Avolition

Answer 9

Negative symptom of schizophrenia

Decreased enlargement in purposeful , goal-directed actions

Question 10

Prodromal phase

Answer 10

Prior to schizophrenia being diagnosed, patient often goes through period of poor judgement

*clear evidence of deterioration, Social withdrawal, peculiar behavior …etc

Question 11

Major depressive disorder

Answer 11

A mood disorder characterized by at least one major depressive episode:

• a period of at least two weeks with at least five of:
• persistent depressed mood
• decreased energy
• feelings of worthlessness
• excessive guilt
• difficulty concentrating
• psychomotor symptoms (slowing down)
• suicidal thoughts

These symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in functioning

Question 12

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 12

Dysthymia: a depressed mood that isn’t severe enough to meet the criteria of major depressive disorder

Question 13

Bipolar 1 disorder

Answer 13

Manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes

Question 14

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 14

Hypomania with at least one major despressive episode

Question 15

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 15

Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things

• may also have physical symptoms:
• fatigue
• muscle tension
• sleep problems..etc

Question 16

Agoraphobia

Answer 16

Anxiety disorder : fear of being in places or situations where it is difficult to escape

Question 17

Panic disorder

Answer 17

Repeated panic attacks

«Sense of impending doom»

Question 18

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder

Answer 18

Obsessions which produce tensions, compulsions (repetitive tasks) that relieve tension

Question 19

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 19

Person has unrealistic negative evolution o this or her personal appearance and attractiveness

Question 20

Dissociate disorders

Answer 20

Person avoids stress by escaping from his identity

Question 21

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 21

Inability to recall past experiences

*often linked to trauma

• may experience «dissociative fugue»
• sudden or purposeless wandering away from ones home or location

Question 22

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 22

(Formerly multiple personality disorder)

Question 23

Depersonalization/déréalisation disorder

Answer 23

Individuals feel detached from their own mind and body (personalization)

Or from their surroundings (derealization)

Question 24

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 24

Have at least one somatic symptom

Question 25

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 25

Being consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition

Question 26

Conversion disorder

Answer 26

Unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions

ex: blindness without neurological damage

Question 27

Personality disorder

Answer 27

Pattern of behaviour that is inflexible and maladaptive

Cluster A, B, C
- weird, wild, worried

Question 28

Ego-syntonic personality disorder

Answer 28

Individual perceives his behaviour as normal

Question 29

Egodystonic

Answer 29

Individual sees their illness as something thrust upon them that is intrusive and bothersome

Question 30

Cluster A (personality disorder)

Answer 30

“Weird”

• Paranoid
• schizotypal: patterns of odd/eccentric thinking
• schizoid: pattern of detatchment from social relationships

Question 31

Cluster B

Answer 31

“Wild”

ANTISOCIAL: psychopathic

BORDERLINE: pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, self-image

HISTRIONIC: attention seeking

NARCISSITIC: grandiose sense of self importance / uniqueness

Question 32

cluster C

Answer 32

“Worried”

AVOIDANT: extreme shyness, fear of rejection

DEPENDENT: continuous need for reassurance

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY:

• perfectionist and inflexible
• like rules and order

OCPD is lifelong, egosyntonic
OCD: focal and acquired, ego-dystonic

Question 33

Markers associated with depression

Answer 33

• high glucose metabolism in amygdala
• hippocampal atrophy
• high levels of cortisol
• decreased norepi, serotonin, dopamine