Chapter 11 - Social Structure And Demographics

Question 1

Theoretical approaches to social structure: what is functionalism?

Answer 1

Study of structure and function of each part of society

Manifest: action intended to help some part of a system

Latent: unintended positive consequences on other parts of society

Question 2

Conflict theory

Answer 2

Power differentials are created and they contribute to the maintenance of social order

Question 3

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 3

Ways in which people interact through shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols

Question 4

Social constructionism

Answer 4

People put together their social reality

Question 5

Rational choice and exchange theory

Answer 5

RATIONAL CHOICE: Decision making in an individual is all about benefits and harms to that individual

*pros and cons

EXCHANGE: interactions of groups
- individual will carry out certain behaviours because of anticipated rewards and will avoid certain behaviours because of anticipated puncishments

Question 6

Fertility rate

Answer 6

Children per woman per lifetime

Question 7

Birth rate

Answer 7

Children per 1000 people per year

Question 8

Mortality rate

Answer 8

Deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 9

Migration rate

Answer 9

Immigration rate - emigration rate

Question 10

Stages of demographic transition

Answer 10

1) pre-industrial (BR and DR high)

2) improvements to healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, wages
* DR drop

3) improvements to contraception, women’s rights, shift from agricultural to industrial economy
* BR drops

4) industrialized: BR and DR both low