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Psych Soc DK > Chapter 4 - Cogn, Consc, And Language > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cogn, Consc, And Language Flashcards

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1
Q

List four stages of piaget

A

1) sensorimotor
2) pre-operational
3) concrete operational
4) formal operational

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2
Q

What is a schéma according to Piaget

A

Patterns of thought or behaviour

Ie

  • a concept (whats a dog)
  • behaviour (what do you do when someone asks your name?)
  • sequence of events (what do you normally do when…)
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3
Q

According to Piaget, what is assimilation vs accommodation?

A

Assimilation:
Classifying new info to fit existing schemata

Accommodation:
Existing schemata are modified to encompass new info

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4
Q

Sensorimotor stage (ages, defining characteristics)

A

Âge 0-2

  • learns to manipulate his or her environment to meet physical needs
  • circular reactions
    - primary: repetition of movement that originally happened by chance
    - 2ndary: something outside body (ie repeatedly throwing toys from high chair)…response from enviro would be parents picking up toy

***object permanence marks ending of stage!!

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5
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Âge 2 - 7

  • symbolic thinking (pretend, make believe play, imagination)
  • egocentrism
  • centration
  • conservation (equal water different glass size, taller has more)
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6
Q

Concrète operational

A

Âge 7 -11 (roughly)

  • understand conservation
  • consider perspectives of others
  • engage in logical thoughts without thinking abstractly
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7
Q

Formal operational stage

A

From age 11

  • usually starts in adolescence
  • reason about abstract concepts
  • problem solving
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8
Q

Vygotsky

A

Engine driving cognitive development is child’s internalization of CULTURE

***russian are culture , all of them

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9
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Problem solving skills

*peak in early adulthood

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10
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Related to learned skills and knowledge

** peaks in middle adulthood

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11
Q

What is Fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Caused by alcohol use during pregnancy

  • slowed cognitive development
  • distinct cranial facial features
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12
Q

Représentative heuristic

A

Categorizing items on the basis of whether they fit the prototypical, stereotypical, or representative image

**coin flipped ten times lands heads, chances are still 50%….fallacy would be to think it will even out
( base rate fallacy)

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13
Q

List the four accepted states of consciousness

A

1) alertness
2) sleep
3) dreaming
4) altered

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14
Q

Alertness (consciousness)

A

Awake and able to think

  • increased cortisol levels
  • EEG indicate waking state
  • reticular formation!!
  • brain injury affecting RF and brain stem connections results in coma
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15
Q

What are the four characteristic EEG patterns related to waking and sleeping?

What does the fifth wave correspond to?

A

1) alpha
2) beta
3) theta
4) delta

5th stage is REM sleep!

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16
Q

How long does a sleep stage cycle last?

A

90 minutes

17
Q

What are alpha and beta waves?

A

Correspond to brain activity in awake state

BÊTA; high frequency

  • person is alert, tending to mental task with concentration
  • neurons are randomly firing

ALPHA: awake but relaxing

  • more synchronized
  • slower than beta
18
Q

Four stages of sleep

A

1) dozing off
- THETA waves!

2) more deeply asleep
- theta waves with SLEEP SPINDLES and K complexes

3 +4 : Slow-wave sleep
Delta 
- hard to wake someone
- cognitive recovery, memory consolidation
- increased growth hormone release
19
Q

What stages of sleep are part of NREM?

A

1 to 4 are part of non-rapid eye movement

20
Q

REM sleep

A

Interspersed between cycles of NREM sleep

  • arousal levels like being awake
  • muscles are paralyzed
  • dreaming happens
  • good for procedural memory

SWS good for declarative memory

21
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls motor function of speech via connections with motor cortex

Brocas aphasia:
- reduced or absent ability to produce spoken language

22
Q

Wernickes area

A

Located in temporal lobe

  • responsible for language comprehension

Wernickes Aphasia:

  • loss of comprehension
  • nonsensical sounds
  • innappropriate word combos
  • it may appear to patients that they are speaking normally
23
Q

Awake sleep stage

A

Beta

24
Q

Awake and relaxed

A

Alpha waves

25
Q

Stage 1 and 2 of sleep cycle

A

1: Theta waves
- slow freq

2: theta waves
- sleep spindles!

26
Q

Stage 3 and 4

A

NREM
- Delta waves

Hard to wake people

27
Q

Mnemonic for order of sleep wave forms

A

BATS sleep in the Day

Beta -> awake and alert

Alpha -> awake and rested

Theta -> 1 and 2

Delta - > 3 and 4

28
Q

What sleep stage does REM correspond to?

A

Beta waves

HR and breathing same as awake

Psych Soc DK (12 decks)

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