Chapter 7(part2)

Question 1

Glycerol can be converted to what

Answer 1

• glucose

- pyruvate

Question 2

Discuss fatty acid oxidation

Answer 2

• also known as fat breakdown

- breaks down FA into 2 carbon units

Question 3

Deamination(for proteins)

Answer 3

removing nitrogen

Question 4

glucogenic

Answer 4

converted to pyruvate

-enter TCA cycle directly

Question 5

ketogenic

Answer 5

converted to acetyl CoA

Question 6

Protein is a good source of what unlike fat

Answer 6

cHO

Question 7

slide 38

Answer 7

replicate

Question 8

What begins the TCA cycle?

Answer 8

oxaloacetate

Question 9

Two actual examples of coenzymes

Answer 9

niacin and riboflavin

Question 10

What glucose yields?

Answer 10

30-32 ATP

Question 11

what 16 carbon FA yields?

Answer 11

129 ATP

Question 12

What is fat in relation to energy storage?

Answer 12

the body’s preferred form

Question 13

What do CHO,PRO,and FAT break down to?

Answer 13

Acetyl CoA

Question 14

What are the end products?

Answer 14

• water
• Co2
• ATP

Question 15

Discuss FA in relation to aa,pyruvate and glycerol

Answer 15

-they can make glucose but not FA

Question 16

FA cannot make what

Answer 16

glucose

Question 17

Slide 47

Answer 17

replicate

Question 18

Metabolism favors what formation

Answer 18

fat

Question 19

What intake influences fuel mix?

Answer 19

CHO and PRO

Question 20

Fat breakdown does not respond to……

Answer 20

-dietary fat intake

Question 21

Look at slide 49

Answer 21

ok

Question 22

Basal Metabolism

Answer 22

• cell’ work to maintain life processes

- 2/3 energy a person expends a day

Question 23

Fasting:choice vs no choice?

Answer 23

choice

Question 24

Can the body distinguish between fasting and feasting?

Answer 24

Body can’t distinguish; force to draw on reserves of CHO &FAT

Question 25

Discuss FASting

Answer 25

Begins with release of glucose from liver’s glycogen stores, FA from adipose cells breakdown & Acetyl CoA produced – Krebs- ATP (energy) ↓ blood Glu levels serves as signal Promotes Further Fat breakdown Release of amino acids from muscles

Question 26

What primarily uses glucose?

Answer 26

- brain - nervous system - red blood cells

Question 27

What consumes half of total glucose?

Answer 27

brain and nerve cells

Question 28

What is completely dependent on glucose vs. what prefers

Answer 28

- RBC | - brain/nerve cells

Question 29

Discuss what happens when there is no glucose?

Answer 29

Amino acids yielding pyruvate (to make Glu)(glucogenic) Breakdown of body proteins AA that can’t make glu used for E by other cells Expensive way to make glucose(degrades muscle tissue) ************Body PRO provides 90% of glucose

Question 30

How long does death take if protein losses continue?

Answer 30

3 weeks

Question 31

Discuss fat oxidation's rule in the lack of glucose

Answer 31

Shift to ketosis : (fats partially oxidized) Use fat to make fuel for brain Ketone bodies are the fuel –from FA →Acetyl CoA (condensation reaction= ketones formed from Acetyl CoA) Slows the rate of body protein breakdown

Question 32

As ketone concentration goes up what happens o your PH level

Answer 32

-acidic

Question 33

A lot of blood ketones=

Answer 33

ketonemia

Question 34

Ketosis causes what

Answer 34

- a loss of appetite - Slowing of metabolism - Supports weight loss but not fat loss

Question 35

Symptoms of Starvation | also psychological symptoms

Answer 35

- metabolism - low body temperature - reduced disease resistance -Depression, anxiety, food related dreams

Question 36

Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Answer 36

Metabolism similar to fasting | Uses glycogen stores first

Question 37

In ketosis discuss weight loss

Answer 37

-its from glycogen and protein breakdown fluid and mineral losses