Chapter 6(part 1) Flashcards
Atom Composition of proteins
- carbons
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
What do amino acids consist of?
- carbon
- hydrogen
- amino group
- acid group
- unique side group
How may amino acids is a protein made of?
20 amino acids
Discuss essential amino acids
9
Discuss nonessential amino acids
more than half
Which amino acid is conditionally essential?
phenylalanine(essential) makes tyrosine(non essential)
9 essential amino acids
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
What link amino acids?
which what kind of reaction
peptide bonds
condensation
What is a dipeptide?
2 amino acids together
What is a tripeptide?
3 amino acids
What us a polypeptide?
more than 3( several hundred amino acids long)
What is primary structure?
determined by sequence of different amino acids
Secondary Structure
- weak electrical attractions within polpeptide chains
- polypeptide chain folds,twists into a helix(coil or spiral)
- these shapes give protein strength and rigidity
Tertiary Structure
-long polypeptide chains twist and fold into variety of complex and tangled shapes
Quaternary Structure
two or more polypeptides
What is denaturation?
change in protein’s shape(uncoil) and loss of function
Heat example of denaturation
hating clear part of egg and then it turns white
Agitation example of denaturation
whipping egg whites
Acid
curdling milk w/acid or as in gastric environment
Denaturation points
- disruption of stability
- uncoil and lose shape
- stomach acid
What does hydrochloric acid do to proteins?
denatures/uncoils
What does HCL convert pepsinogen to?
pepsin
What does pepsin do?
pepsin cleaves polypep into small polypeps
What are enzymes(like what are they literally); therefore what can happen to them?
enzymes are protein and can be digested
