Chapter 3

Question 1

Range for a good source of nutrients?

Answer 1

10-19%

Question 2

Range for a high source of nutrients?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Range for low source of nutrients?

Answer 3

5% or less

Question 4

Range for high fiber?

Answer 4

5g or more

Question 5

Good Source of Fiber

Answer 5

2.5-4.9 g/serv

Question 6

Absorption

Answer 6

-uptake of nutrients by cells of small intestine for transport into blood or lymph

Question 7

mouth

Answer 7

chews and mixes food with saliva

Question 8

pharynx

Answer 8

directs food from mouth to esophagus

Question 9

Salivary glands

Answer 9

secrete saliva(contains starch digesting enzymes)

Question 10

Epiglottis

Answer 10

protects airway during swallowing

Question 11

Trachea

Answer 11

Allows air to pass to and from lungs

Question 12

Esophagus

Answer 12

passes food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 13

Esophageal Sphincters

Answer 13

allow passage from mouth to esophagus and from esophagus to stomach

Question 14

Diaphragm

Answer 14

separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

Question 15

Stomach

Answer 15

adds acid enzymes, fluid ,and churns, mixes ,and grinds foods to a liquid mass

Question 16

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 16

allows passage from stomach to small intestine; prevents back flow from small intestine

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

manufactures bile salts, to help digest fats

Question 18

Gallbladder

Answer 18

-stores bile until needed

Question 19

Bile duct

Answer 19

conducts bile from the gall bladder into the small intestine

Question 20

appendix

also what size is it?

Answer 20

store lymph cells

Question 21

Small intestine

Answer 21

• secrete enzymes that digest all energy yielding nutrients to smaller nutrient particles
• cells of wall absorb nutrients into blood and lymph

Question 22

illeocecal valve

Answer 22

allows passage from small intestine to large intestine; prevents back flow from large intestine

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

-manufactures
enzymes to digest all energy yielding nutrients

-releases bicarbonate to neutralize acid chyme that enters the small intestine

Question 24

Pancreatic duct

Answer 24

conducts pancreatic juice from the pancreas to the small intestine

Question 25

large intestine(colon)

Answer 25

reabsorbs/withdrawal water and minerals

Question 26

Parts of Small intestine

Answer 26

- duodenum - jejunum - ileum

Question 27

Parts of Pancreas

Answer 27

- ascending - transversing - descending - sigmoid

Question 28

bolus

Answer 28

-mouthful of food, chewed and swallowed, amount swallowed

Question 29

mastication

Answer 29

chewing mixing food with saliva

Question 30

What is 1000 times more sensitive than taste?

Answer 30

smell

Question 31

Muscular Action of Digestion

Answer 31

- Peristalsis - Stomach Action - Segmentation - Sphincter Contractions

Question 32

What is peristalsis?

Answer 32

like toothpaste -wavelike muscular contractions of GI tract that push contents along

Question 33

What types of muscles are used in digestion?

Answer 33

- circular | - longitudinal

Question 34

Rate and Intensity of Contractions in Stomach and in Small Intestine

Answer 34

- quick | - slower

Question 35

How are waves after a meal?

Answer 35

slow and continuous?

Question 36

How is the GI tract when empty?*

Answer 36

-quiet except for periodic bust of power waves

Question 37

what factors interfere with peristalsis?

Answer 37

- stress - certain medications - medical conditions

Question 38

what are the three types of muscles?

Answer 38

- circular - longitudinal - diagonal

Question 39

*The pyloric sphincter won't unless what happens?

Answer 39

until chime id liquefied by gastric juices

Question 40

upper esophageal sphincter

Answer 40

-opens during a swallow

Question 41

lower esophageal(aka cardiac)

Answer 41

esophagus to stomach

Question 42

chyme

Answer 42

the semiliquid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum

Question 43

Appendix and function

Answer 43

- located near end of small intestine and beginning of large intestine - stores lymph cells - make lymphs to store nutrients

Question 44

Muscular Action of Digestion

Answer 44

1. Peristalsis 2. Stomach Action 3. Segmentation 4. Sphincter Contractions

Question 45

Points on Segmentation

Answer 45

-Contraction of circular muscles in small intestine -mix chyme Promote contact with absorption cells

Question 46

Points on Sphincter Contractions

Answer 46

Sphincter Contractions - periodically open and close - prevents back flow of food - control pace of GI tract contents