Chapter 7 - Motivation Concepts Flashcards
what is motivation?
The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
what does intensity describe?
how hard a person tries
what does direction describe?
where the effort is channeled
what does persistence describe?
how long a person can maintain effort
what is the hierarchy of needs theory?
Maslow’s hierarchy of five needs—physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization—in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.
what is the two factor theory?
A theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Also called motivation-hygiene theory.
what are hygiene factors?
Factors—like company policy and administration, supervision, and salary—that, when they’re adequate, people will not be dissatisfied; neither will they be satisfied.
what is McClelland’s theory of needs?
A theory that states achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation.
what is the need for achievement?
The need to excel or achieve to a set of standards.
what is the need for power?
The need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise
what is the need for affiliation?
The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.
what is the Self-Determination Theory?
A meta-theory that is concerned with autonomy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and the satisfaction of psychological work needs.
Self-determination theory proposes that, in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve competence and make positive connections with others.
what is the cognitive evaluation theory?
A sub-theory of self-determination theory where extrinsic rewards for behavior tend to decrease the
overall level of motivation, if the rewards are seen as controlling or reduce their sense of competence.
When people are paid for work, it feels less like something they want to do and more like something they have to do.
what is the self-concordance theory?
how strongly people’s reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.
what is the goal-setting theory?
A theory stating that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance.
what are the 3 personal factors that influence the goal-performance relationship?
goal commitment, task characteristics, and national culture.
what is promotion focus?
A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for goals through advancement and accomplishment.
what is prevention focus?
A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for goals by fulfilling duties and obligations
what is management by objectives (MBO)?
A program that encompasses specific goals, participatively set, for an explicit time period, with feedback on goal progress.
what is the self-efficacy theory?
An individual’s belief that they are capable of performing a task
(manifesting)
what is the reinforcement theory?
A theory suggesting that behavior is a function of its consequences
what is behaviorism?
A theory stating that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.
what is the social-learning theory?
The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience
what is the expectancy theory?
A theory stating that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual
what is the equity theory?
A theory stating that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities
what is organizational justice?
An overall perception of what is fair in the workplace.
what makes up organizational justice?
distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice.
what is distributive justice?
Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.
what is procedural justice?
The perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards.
what is informational justice?
The degree to which employees are provided truthful explanations for decisions.
what is interpersonal justice?
The degree to which employees are treated with dignity and respect.
what is job engagement?
The investment of an employee’s physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance
