Chapter 7: Memory Systems

Question 1

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 1

the inability to learn new information despite retaining old memories.

Question 2

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 2

patients can learn new information but cannot recall information acquired prior to their brain damage.

Question 3

Explicit Memory

Answer 3

aka declarative or conscious memory; the ability to consciously remember and report facts, events, and associations

Question 4

Episodic Memory

Answer 4

Allows people to recall past experiences, single events in specifically places at specific times.

Question 5

Semantic Memory

Answer 5

involves facts and knowledge that - as a form of explicit memory - can be stated or recounted but the learning of such info accumulates over time across repeated occasions

Question 6

Implicit Memory

Answer 6

refers to skills and habits that are learned but that are usually not consciously accessible; it is revealed through performance rather than recollection

Question 7

Procedural learning

Answer 7

the acquisition of skills and habits

Question 8

Priming

Answer 8

refers to how a perception, response, or thought is enhanced by prior exposure to an identical or related stimulus, action, or idea

Question 9

Repetition priming

Answer 9

priming that occurs because of direct repetition

Question 10

Associative priming

Answer 10

priming that occurs from related items

Question 11

Perceptual priming

Answer 11

perception is improved by repeated exposure to perceptual features

Question 12

Conceptual priming

Answer 12

reveals how the meanings of stimuli were processed

Question 13

Repetition suppression

Answer 13

when stimuli are repeated, there are lower levels of activity, suggesting that processing requires less effort or work

Question 14

statistical learning

Answer 14

encodes regularities, which help us function in the world by making it more predictable

Question 15

Primacy effect

Answer 15

higher memory performance for the items at the beginning of the list

Question 16

Recency effect

Answer 16

higher memory performance for the items at the end of the list

Question 17

Spatial memory

Answer 17

helps us navigate around the environment

Question 18

Cognitive Map Theory

Answer 18

the hippocampus constructs a map of the environment, providing the basis for spatial memory and navigation; useful for episodic memory

Question 19

Place Cells

Answer 19

for when an animal is in a particular location within an environment

Question 20

Grid Cells

Answer 20

track an individual’s position as the individual moves around space