Chapter 11: Intelligence and Knowledge Flashcards
(36 cards)
Intelligence
Refers to the ability to reason, solve problems, and gain new knowledge
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The technology that increasingly enables computers to engage in or mimic complex cognitive functions
Intelligence research attempts to understand…??
The degree to which individual differences in cognitive ability contribute to outcomes
Psychometric approach
Seeks to understand the most valid way to measure intelligence
Information-processing approach
provides a complementary, but not exclusive, perspective on intelligence; researchers try to understand the neurocognitive processes that are involved in intelligent behavior
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
Gave us the term intelligence quotient (IQ), which is calculated by dividing a person’s mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying by 100
Wechsler Scales
Aimed to measure “the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment”
Charles Spearman developed what theory?
The two-factor theory of intelligence
Factor analysis
Takes several independently measured variables and determines the number of underlying factors (or latent variables) that best explains the data variance
Crystallized intelligence
pertains to people’s knowledge, as reflected in tests of vocabulary and facts about the world
Fluid intelligence
involves content-independent analytical processes, which come into play when discerning patterns in the environment, understanding analogies, and drawing inferences
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
Tests people’s abilities to perceive and learn patterns involving unfamiliar stimuli
Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Differentiates between analytical, practical, and creative intelligences
Analytical intelligence
Maps roughly onto IQ measures and is the intelligence most liked with traditional notions of general intelligence
Creative intelligence
Involves people’s ability to reason in novel, or non-entrenched ways
Practical intelligence
Pertains to people’s abilities to meet the challenges they encounter in everyday life
What are the 7 intelligences LL Thurstone argues for?
- Verbal fluency
- Comprehension
- Numerical computation
- Spatial ability
- Associative memory
- Reasoning
- Perceptual speed
Multiple intelligences theory of Howard Gardner contains what intelligences?
- Musical
- Bodily/kinesthetic
- Spatial
- Verbal
- Logical/mathematical
- Intrapersonal (managing oneself) and interpersonal (interacting with others) domains
- An ability to understand patterns in the environment
Savant Syndrome
Characterized by generally low intelligence (as traditionally measured) but incredible skill in a particular domain
Several researchers have sought to understand how cognitive and neural processes contribute to intelligence, a perspective referred to as the:
information-processing approach
Inspection time
The shortest exposure at which people can render accurate judgements
Emotional intelligence
People’s ability to recognize and manage emotions
Fixed mindset
people regard intelligence as unchanging
Growth mindset
people regard intelligence as something that can improve with practice and hard work
