Chapter 10: Delay Discounting And Reasoning Flashcards
Delay Discounting
People diminish the value of future gains the longer they have to wait for them
Explain the cycle of delay discounting and lack of self control
Delay discounting relates to lack of self control, which is a crucial function of the self that involves initiating, sustaining, and inhibiting behavior — a executive function. People have limited cognitive resources so they may suffer from ego depletion, using up their ability to perform executive functions well. Ego depletion leads to more delay discounting
Thinking/reasoning
Allows us to gain new knowledge and understanding from existing information
Deductive reasoning
Involves moving from general knowledge and principles to more specific knowledge and examples
Inductive reasoning
Moves from specific information to general information
Syllogism
A logical system where a conclusion is drawn from 2 given proportions
“If p is true, then q is true”. What is p?
P is the antecedent
“If p is true, q is true.” What is q?
q is the consequent
Modus porens
States that under conditions when the statement is accepted and the antecedent (p) holds as true, the consequent (q) can be trusted as true
“If p is true, then q is true”. What is Modus tallens?
It allows for “If q is false, then p is false”.
However, given is “p is true, then q is true”, you may not conclude that “If p is false, q is false”. What is this fallacy?
This fallacy is known as the denial of the antecedent (p)
“If p is true, then q is true”, you may not conclude that “If p is false, then q is false”
This fallacy is known as affirmation of the consequent (q)
Property induction
How people generalize prosperities or features form one exemplar of a category to another
Premise-Conclusion similarity
States that the more similar the premise and conclusion categories, the stronger the inductive argument will be
Premise typicality
The premises are more typical or representative of a category, they will lead to stronger inductions
