Chapter 7 - Memory Flashcards
What is memory illusion?
False but subjectively compelling memory
What is memory?
retention of information over time
What is sensory memory?
brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory
What is iconic memory?
visual sensory memory
What is short-term memory?
memory system that retains information for limited durations
What is decay?
Fading of information from memory over time.
What is interference?
loss of information from memory because of competition from additional information
What are the two types of intereference?
retroactive and proactive
What is retroactive interference?
Interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information.
What is proactive interference?
Interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information
What is the magic number?
The span of short-term memory: according to George Miller: seven plus or minus two pieces of information
What is chunking?
organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory
What is rehearsal?
repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory and promote the likelihood of transfer to long-term memory
What are the two major types of rehearsal?
maintenance and elaborative
What is maintenance rehearsal?
repeating stimuli in their original from to retain them in short-term memory
What is elaborative rehearsal?
linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory
What are the levels of processing?
depth of transforming information, which influences how well we remember it
What is long-term memory?
relatively enduring (from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences and skills
What is permastore?
type of long-term memory that appears to be permanent
What is the primacy effect?
tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well
What is the recency effect?
tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well.