Chapter 15 - Psychological disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a demonic model?

A

View of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

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2
Q

What is a medical model?

A

View of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

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3
Q

What is asylum?

A

Institution for people with mental illnesses created in the fifteenth century

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4
Q

What is moral treatment?

A

Approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness and respect for those with mental illness

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5
Q

What is deinstitutionalization?

A

Governmental policy in the 1960’s/70s that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

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6
Q

What are labelling theorists?

A

Scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

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7
Q

What is DSM?

A

Diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric association (APA) criteria for mental disorders

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8
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

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9
Q

What is comorbidity?

A

Co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

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10
Q

What is the categorical model?

A

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

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11
Q

What is the dimensional model?

A

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather then kind

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12
Q

What is the insanity defense?

A

Legal defence proposing that people shouldn’t be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren’t of “sound mind” when committing them

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13
Q

What is involuntary commitment?

A

Procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

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14
Q

What is somatic symptom disorder?

A

Condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but are actually psychological in origin

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15
Q

What is illness anxiety disorder?

A

An individual’s continual preoccupation with the notion that he or she has aa serious physical disease

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16
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A

Continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

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17
Q

What is a panic attack?

A

Brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impeding death or going crazy

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18
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

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19
Q

What is a phobia?

A

Intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

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20
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the vent of a panic attack

21
Q

What is a specific phobia?

A

Intense fear of objects, places or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat.

22
Q

What is social anxiety disorder?

A

Intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

23
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

24
Q

What is Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A

Condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

25
Q

What is an obsession?

A

Persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

26
Q

What is compulsion?

A

Repetitive behaviour or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

27
Q

What is anxiety sensitivity?

A

Fear of anxiety related sensations

28
Q

What is a major depressive episode?

A

State in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

29
Q

What is the cognitive model of depression?

A

Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

30
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can’t control

31
Q

What is a manic episode?

A

Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness and irresponsible behaviour

32
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

33
Q

What is personality disorder?

A

Condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

34
Q

What is borderline personality disorder?

A

Condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity and impulse control

35
Q

What is a psychopathic personality?

A

Condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness and risk taking

36
Q

What is Anti-social personality disorder (ASPD)?

A

Condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

37
Q

What is dissociative disorder??

A

Condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception

38
Q

What is depersonalization/non-existent disorder?

A

Condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

39
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

40
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

41
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A

A condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour

42
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

Sever disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

43
Q

What is delusion?

A

Strongly held, fixed belief, that has no basis in reality

44
Q

What is a psychotic symptom?

A

Psychological problems reflecting serious distortions in reality

45
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

Sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

46
Q

What is a catatonic symptom?

A

Motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in the fetal position

47
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model?

A

Perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

48
Q

What is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A

DSM-5 category that includes autistic disorder and Asperger’s disorder

49
Q

What is attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD)?

A

Childhood conditions marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity