Chapter 7 Learning Targets Flashcards
Explain in detail why cells are small.
Cells are small because they’re limited to their surface area-to-volume ratio. The needed materials that cells need to survive need to enter into their surface. The larger cells grow, the longer it takes the materials to enter quickly enough to meet the needs of the cell.
State all parts of the cell theory and who helped to develop it.
the cell theory is based off of the observations of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow and states that all living things are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms, and all cells arise from existing cells.
Explain the differences between plant and animal cells.
Plants have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Animal cells are round, plant cells have a rectangular shape.
Explain all of the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Multicellular organisms depend on other cells for survival and cannot be separated. They need other cells to help them carry out both their functions and their survival. Unicellular organisms only have one cell to carry out all life functions and usually thrive independently. If separated from others, unicellular organisms are more than likely to survive.
Explain the differences between eukaryotes an prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cells are simple and contain all of the genetic information in a single loop of DNA. Prokaryotes have a capsule, are smaller, unicellular, and don’t contain membrane-bound organelles or a nucleus. Some have flagellum and pili. Eukaryotes are more complex than prokaryotes are, therefore they can carry out more functions. The DNA is inside the nucleus, and they have way more organelles than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes are larger, can be unicellular or multicellular, have membrane-bound organelles, and a nucleus.
Explain the organization of cells in a multicellular organism, from cells to organ systems.
First, cells that have similar structures and functions form a distinct group called tissues. The tissues work together to form organs, and organs that carry out major body functions make up organ systems.
