Chapter 7: Head and neck

Question 1

Structures of Head

Answer 1

Vertex: top
Frontal bone
Orbit
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
Mandible
Mastoid Process
Mastoid portion of temporal bone
occipital bone
temporal bone
parietal bone

Question 2

Structures of eyes>external

Answer 2

Upper eyelid
Sclera covered by conjunctiva
lateral canthus
lower eyelid
iris
limbus
pupil
medial canthus
cornea
anterior chamber
posterior chamber
lens
lacrimal gland
puncta
nasolacrimal duct

Question 3

internal structures>eye

Answer 3

Vitreous body
optic disk
physiologic cup
fovea
macula
artery 
vein
optic disc
disc:cup ratio 2:1

Question 4

confrontation

Answer 4

tests visual fields

Question 5

position and alignment

Answer 5

inward/outward deviation

outward protrusion: graves disease/ocular tumors

Question 6

anisicoria

Answer 6

unequal pupil less than 0.5mm-normal in20% of population

Question 7

pupil reaction to light

Answer 7

direct-same eye

consensual-opposite eye

Question 8

EOMI

Answer 8

conjugate movements: together
dysconjugate-deviation
nystagmus: fine rhythmic oscillations of eyes
testing: 6 cardianl directions plus convergence

Question 9

papilledema

Answer 9

swelling of the optic disc and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup. Increased icp is transmitted to the optic nerve, causing stasis of axoplasmic flow, intra-axonal edema, and swelling of the optic nerve head. Signals serios disorders of brain: meningitis, san, tram, mass lesions

Question 10

auricle/helix

Answer 10

external ear

auricle: cartilage
helix: curved portion

Question 11

lobule

Answer 11

earlobe

Question 12

tragus

Answer 12

nodular eminence that points backward over entrance to ear canal

Question 13

ear canal

Answer 13

EAM-external auditory meatus

approx 24mm long

Question 14

eustachian tube

Answer 14

connects middle ear to nasopharynx

Question 15

weber test

Answer 15

tuning fork at crown of head_test for lateralization. normal: heard equal both ears
Unilateral conductive loss: sound lateralized to impaired ear
Unilateral sensorineural loss: sound heard in good ear

Question 16

rinne test

Answer 16

tuning fork at bae of mastoid bone. when patient cant hear sound withdraw and have them listen through air

Question 17

conductive hearing loss

Answer 17

sound heard through bone as long or > than air

BC=AC or BC>AC

Question 18

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 18

sound is heard longer through air

AC>BC

Question 19

nose structures

Answer 19

tip
anterior naris
vestibule
cartilaginous portion of nasal septum
bony portion of nasal septum
superior turbinate
middle turbinate
inferior turbinate
nasopharynx
opening to eustachian tube

Question 20

sinuses

Answer 20

maxiallary and frontal

Question 21

mouth

Answer 21

gingival margin
upper lip
interdental papillae
gingiva
labial frenulum
lingual frenulum

Question 22

tooth structure and surrounding tissues

Answer 22

crown
enamel
dentin
root
gingival margin

Question 23

teeth

Answer 23

32 teeth: 8 per side; 16 top/16 bottom
medial incisor (1 per side)
lateral incisor (1)
canine (1)
premolar (2)
1st molar -6 year- (1)
2nd molar -12 year- (1)
3rd molar - wisdom- (1)

Question 24

throat

Answer 24

hard palate
soft palate
uvula
pharynx
tongue
ant pillar
tonsils
post pillar
buccal mucosa-lines cheeks

Question 25

neck triangles

Answer 25

trapezius muscle
sternomastoid muscle
ant triangle
post triangle
clavicle
manubrium

Question 26

midline neck structures

Answer 26

hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
trachea
clavicle
cricoid cartilage
thyroid bone
thyroid isthmus

Question 27

Lymph nodes

Answer 27

Preauricular
post auricular
Occipital
Submandibular
Submental
ant cervical
post cervical
deep cervical
supraclavicular

Question 28

Headaches

Answer 28

Migraine vs tension vs cluster

Question 29

Fovea

Answer 29

Small depression lateral and inferior to optic disk. Responsible for central vision

Question 30

Macula

Answer 30

Yellow spot surround the fovea