Bates Review Chpt 6: Skin, Hair, and Nails

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Most superficial layer has 2 layers:

Horny layer: dead karitinized cells

Inner cellular layer: melanin and keratin formed

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

Gives epidermis nutrition. well supplied with blood=contains connective tissue, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles

Question 3

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 3

3rd layer: fat or adipose

Question 4

Hair types

Answer 4

1. Vellus: short, fine, inconspicuous, unpigmented
2. Terminal hair: coarser, thicker, pigmented-scalp and eyebrows

Question 5

Nails

Answer 5

protect distal phalanx

Question 6

nail plate

Answer 6

firm, rectangular, usually curving gets pink color from the vascular nail bed to which the plate is attached

1/4 of nail plate covered by nail fold-under skin fold

Question 7

ABCD of melanoma

Answer 7

Asymmetry of one side of the mole

Irregular borders-ragged, notched, blurred

Change in color-esp blue or black

Diameter greater tha/equal 6mm or diff than others, esp if changing itching or bleeding

Question 8

Assessement

Answer 8

• Moisture: dryness, sweating, oilness; dry in hypothyroid, oily in acne
• Temp-warmth in fever or hyperthyroid; cool hypothyroid
• texture: rough or smooth; rough in hypothyroid; velvety in hyperthyroid
• mobility and turgor
• Lesions: anatomic location and distribution; patterns and shapes (linear, clustered, annular, arciform, geographic, serpiginous, dermatomal

Question 9

Types of skin lesions

Answer 9

Macules: flat

papules: raised

Question 10

Skin colors

Answer 10

Cafe-au-lait: slightly but uniformly pigmented macule or patch with irregular border. 0;5-1.5 cm dia, benign

Tinea versicolor: superficial fungal infection of the skin causing hypopigmented, slightly scaly macules on the neck, trunk, upper arms

Vitiligo: depigmented macules appear on the face, hands, feet, extensor surfaces; lack melanin. Black may turn white. the brown or black is normal skin coloe

Cyanosis: bluish color

Jaundice: yello

carotenemia: yellowish palms from veges/carrots
erythema: red hue

Question 11

Skin tumors

Answer 11

Actinic Keratosis: superficial, flattened papules covered by a dry scale, often multiple. can be round or irregular; pink, tan, grayish. Sun-exposed skin of older people. Benign can develop into squamous cell ca

Basal cell carcinoma: malignant: grows slowly, seldom metastasozes; initial translucent nodeule apreads, leaving a depressed center and a firm, elevated border. Telangiectatic vessels are often visible

Squamous cell carcinoma: sun-exposed skin, more quickly than basal cell carcinoma-firmer, redder. face and hands

Question 12

nails

Answer 12

paronychia: superficial infection of the proximal and lateral nail folds adjacent to nail plate
onycholysis: painless separation of the nail plate from pink nail bed

Transverse linear depression (beau’s lines)-resulting from temp disruption of proximal nail growth from systemic illness.

Pitting: assoc with psoriasis, reiter’s symdrome, sarcoidosis, alopecia

Question 13

Two types of

Sweat Glands

Answer 13

Eccrine and Apocrine

eccrine - widely distributed and open directly onto the skin surface, help to control body temp.

apocrine - found chiefly in the axillary and genital areas, open into hair folicles. Bacterial decomposition of apocrine is responsible for BO.