Chapter 7 - Free Radical Injury

Question 1

Free radicals damage cells through…

Answer 1

Membrane lipid peroxidation

Protein modification

DNA breakage

Question 2

Examples of free radical damage:

Answer 2

Radiation exposure

Metabolism of drugs (phase I)

Redox reactions

Nitric oxide

Transition metals

Oxidative burst

Question 3

Free radicals can be eliminated by…

Answer 3

Enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase)

Antioxidants (eg, vitamins A, C, E)

Transferrin and ceruloplasmin

Question 4

Metal storage diseases that result in free radical injury✅

Answer 4

Hemochromatosis (iron) and Wilson disease (copper)

Question 5

Free radical damage by carbon tetrachloride leads to what pathologic processes?✅

Answer 5

Fatty changes and centrilobular necrosis in the liver

Question 6

How do Carbon Tetrachloride damages the liver?

Answer 6

It is converted to CCl3 free radical by cytochrome P-450, leading to ↓ apolipoprotein synthesis)

Question 7

An infant born at 22 weeks develops blindness and respiratory distress after receiving O2 therapy. Abnormal vascularization is noted on fundoscopic exam. Mechanism of injury?✅

Answer 7

Oxygen-mediated free radical injury leading to retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia