Chapter 7: Family Relationships Flashcards
Children not only are affected by their parents but affect the parents in return
Bidirectional Effects
Transmission of affect from one family member to another
Emotional transmission
Emotional transmission: ______ emotions spread more quickly than _____ ones.
Negative; Positive
Emotional transmission old research:
Work stress was passed on primarily by dad.
Who passes on marital stress?
Mom and dad equally pass on the marital stress
Emotional transmission new research:
Work stress is passed on by mom (because her work isn’t done when she gets home)
Emotion that is passed from one person to another is likely to be experienced differently in the next person. For example: Mom is stressed -> little baby boy is scared.
Second-hand emotions
Parent’s behaviors often differ toward siblings within the same family. Ex: boys get treated more leniently than girls.
Differential parenting.
Siblings experience different family environments. For example: One sibling feels their parents are/were amazing, and the other feels like mom and dad sucked.
Nonshared Environmental Influences
Research ____ ____ support the original view that Adolescence is associated with familiar “storm & stress.”
does NOT
Parents are a crucial source of these 4 needs:
love, support, protection, & comfort.
Adolescent’s more admired is…
Mom and dad.
Adolescent’s closes attachments:
Close attachments to parents overall but mom & daughters are particularly close.
I love, care for, and admire my parents and I am confident that they love, care for, and admire me in return.
Confident of Reciprocity (mutual exchange)
Fact:
Adolescents and their parents agree on much and have a great deal of respect for one another.
desirable, abstract goals that apply across situations, serving as guiding principles in people’s lives. For example: education, working hard, helping others.
Values
4 values shared by adolescents and their parents:
(1) benevolence
(2) achievement
(3) universalism
(4) religion/spirituality
Are adolescents values be different between generations?
Not that different because of the cultural shaping that you get from your parents that are passed on.
Adolescents & their parents differ in personal preferences / personal tastes. Why?
The influence point is different (peers) and these issues are influenced by the times/fads/temporary standpoint/
Parents report their relationships with their Daughters & Sons are very SIMILAR in these 4 areas:
(1) similar in closeness
(2) similar in conflict
(3) fairly similar on the rules
(4) similar level of activity (quality time with each kid)
Adolescents (daughters & sons) report differences in their relationship with mothers:
(1) feel closer to mom
(2) spend more time with mom
(3) more comfortable talking to mom about personal problems
(4) mom tends to be more involved in their lives
(5) more conflict
Adolescents (daughters & sons) report differences in their relationship with fathers:
(1) tend to consult dad about objective information (money, bills, finances)
(2) tend to perceive dad as a distant authority figure.
Top 2 most common patterns of sibling relationships through Adolescence:
(1) Buddy
(2) Critical ???
Adolescent Sibling Relationships are Emotionally Charged:
Negative: A lot of potential conflict and rivalry
Positive: Nurture and support
From Childhood to Early Adolescence, Sibling Conflict increases. Patterns of change: (4 issues)
- more negativity with siblings than with peers
- Less effective conflict resolution than with parents
- More egalitarian (see each other more and more as equals)
- More distant
- less emotional intense
From early to mid- Adolescence, intimacy increase then decline.
Same sex dyads
from early to mid - Adolescence decline then increase
by late adolescence.
Mixed sex dyads
Conflict with parents increases* sharply in early adolescence and remains high for several years.
X
Parent-child conflict is NOT universal OR typical in all cultures.
3 factors:
1) the issue of the idea of interdependence 2) goal of family harmony 3) parental authority
The U.S. majority culture parenting style is:
Authoritative which is demandingness & warmth
Traditional Parenting Style:
- Asian Americans:
- Latinos:
- African Americans:
- Asian Americans: filial piety (honoring and obeying elders)
- Latinos: respeto/familismo (intense love & closeness with family)
- African Americans: strong family ties/loyalty (kin networks. not related and it doesn’t matter).
Top 2 conflict issues between parents & children:
(1) prudential - health and safety
(2) friendship - dating; spending time with friends
Conflict responses: Parents
- Conventional: family behavioral standards-no child of mine.
- Pragmatic: big potential negative consequences
- Authoritarian: my house my rules.
Conflict responses: Adolescents
- Conventional: peer behavioral standard (everybody else is doing it)
- Pragmatic: needs (some are material)
- Personal: adolescents’ domain; self-expression
Most emerging adults move out of their parents’ home in their
late teens.
About ___ percent stay home through their early twenties.
30.
Staying at home is more common among ____, _____ and _____ Americans than among ____ Americans. Why?
Latinos, Blacks, and Asian Americans than White Americans.Why? interdependence.
Emerging adults who move out of their parents’ house and later return.
BOOMERANG KIDS :)
Reasons why emerging adults “return to the nest”
(1) graduated/dropped out of college
(2) finished with military service
(3) divorce/breakup
(4) inconvenience/burden and money issues/realities of living alone.
3 Reasons for the increasing trend to live at home with parents:
(1) the economy (jobs/money)
(2) waiting on mariage
(3) issues with educational attainment.
______ sex are closer than _____ sex dyads.
mixed ; same
___________ is associated with adolescents’ participation in decision-making.
Rebelliousness
