Chapter 3: Post-formal thinking

Question 1

greater awareness of the complexity of real-life situations:

Answer 1

postformal thinking

Question 2

adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations:

Answer 2

Pragmatism

Question 3

a growing awareness that 1) most problems do not have a single solution and 2) problems must often be addressed with crucial pieces of information missing

Answer 3

Dialectical thought.

Question 4

Buying a car but not knowing the problems of the engine or transmission:

Answer 4

An example of dialectical thought

Question 5

tendency to see situations and issues as polarized (having 2 options. one or the other) and absolute (ONE answer is correct)

Answer 5

Dualistic thinking

Question 6

evaluating the accuracy and logic of evidence and arguments:

Answer 6

Reflective Judgement

Question 7

What are the 3 things steps in reflective judgement?

Answer 7

• multiple thinking
• relativism
• commitment

Question 8

involves analyzing information and making judgments about what it means, relating it to other information, and considering ways it might be valid or invalid

Answer 8

Critical thinking. Ex: short answer essays, papers, presentations, etc.

Question 9

the capacity for “thinking about one’s thinking” that allows monitoring and reasoning about one’s thought processes

Answer 9

Metacognitions

Question 10

Individual example of metacognitions:

Answer 10

Thinking about you. Am I cool?

Question 11

Academic example of metacognitions:

Answer 11

Preparing for a presentation or studying for an exam.