Chapter 4: Moral Development Flashcards
FREUD
1. Sociocultural standards of _____ and ____ are the basis for an individual’s morality.
- Morality develops when the young child identifies with the ____ ____ parent.
- Females’ morality is weaker than that of the males because females cannot resolve “Oedipal tensions” –Due to: ____ _____.
- right and wrong
- same sex
- penis envy
PIAGET
- Rules are set and can’t be changed
- Moral development is promoted by interactions with peers, instead of parents
Heteronomous Morality (children)
PIAGET
Adolescents take into account people’s motivations for behavior
*Number 1 thing I want to know here is why.
Autonomous Morality
Kolhberg’s 3 levels:
pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional
KOLHBERG
Rule enforcers and not the rules themselves influence one’s actions (I do not want to get in trouble/get caught)
Pre-conventional level
KOLHBERG
right is what agrees with rules established by society, authority, & tradition (concern is
a little more complex. we can’t all break rules because society
would fall apart. For the good of society)
Conventional level
KOLHBERG
right comes from self-derived, universal principles (I have come up with the rules-but
not anything goes).
Post-conventional level
GILLIGAN
-Most females think of morality more personally than do males. Males define themselves as separate from others.
-Ethic of Care characterizes
females’ approach to moral decisions
-This ethic emphasizes compassion & a sense of responsibility to others
-Contrasts with Kohlberg’s (males’) Justice Orientation which emphasizes rules and reason.
Recent research says:
BOTH males and females take justice and care issues into consideration when thinking about moral issues
The TYPE of moral dilemma influences moral reasoning MORE than Gender
Culture Critique:
Kohlberg’s theory of morality is biased in favor of individualistic thinking
The 3 ethics (worldviews approach)
Autonomy, community, and divinity
Emerging adults in the USA rely especially on the Ethic of:
Autonomy
