Chapter 7 Exam 3

Question 1

Antecedent

Answer 1

a situation that makes it possible for us to respond and tells us what we might get for that response

Question 2

Appetitive

Answer 2

A type of stimulus that is something you like and for which you will work

Question 3

Aversive

Answer 3

A type of stimulus that is something you don’t like and for which you won’t work

Question 4

Biological Preparedness

Answer 4

The result in which some events serve as better signals or conditional stimuli than others due to evolution

Question 5

Cognitive Map

Answer 5

The assumption that we recreate a mental image of areas in our physical surroundings

Question 6

Contingencies

Answer 6

if-then rule; if you do this (behavior), then that will happen (consequence)

Question 7

Elicits

Answer 7

A descriptor for behavior in Pavlovian or classical conditioning, which indicates the response to the stimulus is involuntary

Question 8

Fixed Interval

Answer 8

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcers are produced after a set amount of time and a few responses

Question 9

Fixed Ratio

Answer 9

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcers are produced after a set number of responses

Question 10

Latent Learning

Answer 10

A type of learning that has happened but hasn’t had the opportunity to be demonstrated

Question 11

Learned Helplessness

Answer 11

Experiencing an aversive situation you can’t control prevents you from learning to control other aversive situations

Question 12

Reflexes

Answer 12

A type of stimulus response relationship which is either learned or innate and indicates that behavior that happens automatically

Question 13

Reinforcers

Answer 13

A type of stimulus presented as consequences which increase the future probability of a behavior

Question 14

Satisfaction

Answer 14

Also known as stamping in, we learn our behavior in situations that lead to something we like; we learn to repeat that behavior

Question 15

Shaping

Answer 15

Generate new behavior in which you get new responses by breaking down a complex response into smaller steps and reinforcing responses that look alike to the final form

Question 16

Simultaneous conditioning

Answer 16

A conditioning procedure in which the signal and what’s signaled occur at the same time

Question 17

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 17

An effect in which an animal notices differences between objects and responds to the objects as though they were different

Question 18

Stimulus generalization

Answer 18

An effect in which an animal notices similarities between objects and responds to the objects as if they were the same

Question 19

Taste aversion Learning

Answer 19

A type of conditioning in which animals learn not to eat foods that are accompanied by certain smells and tastes associated with illness

Question 20

Trace conditioning

Answer 20

A conditioning procedure in which the signal occurs many minutes or hours before what’s signaled

Question 21

Variable interval

Answer 21

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcers are produced after an average amount of time and a few responses

Question 22

Variable ratio

Answer 22

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcers are produced after an amount of responses