Chapter 7 - Divisions Over Religion: Arminianism And Laudianism; Puritanism, And Millenarianism To 1640

Question 1

Suggest 4 key features of Arminianism

Answer 1

• less ‘demanding’
• appealed to the bulk of moderate Calvinists
• favoured by Charles
• emphasis on ceremony, music and images

Question 2

Suggest 3 key features of Puritanism

Answer 2

• emphasis on long sermons and preaching
• believed they were ‘selected to be saved’ (made them unpopular)
• emphasis on individual prayer and self-reflection

Question 3

Suggest 3 key features of Laudianism

Answer 3

• rejected predestination
• less emphasis on Bible and preaching
• emphasis on ritual and ceremony

Question 4

What was the problem with Charles’ support of Laudianism

Answer 4

Broke the Jacobethan balance

Question 5

What key feature did Laudianism place heavy influence on?

Answer 5

‘Beauty of Holiness’ and the decoration of churches

Question 6

Most visible changes made to Churches due to Laudian Measures:

(6 points)

Answer 6

• communion table moved and railed off as an altar at east end of church
• increased emphasis on ceremony
• decoration of stained glass windows
• increased use of music in services
• ministers wearing vestments (not plain robes)
• removal of gentry’s ornamental pews

Question 7

Puritan response to Laudian Church reforms

Answer 7

Puritans believed physical changes were forms of idolatry (which was a main wrong of Catholicism) and so were angered

Question 8

What was Laud’s Altar Policy?

Answer 8

• moved the communion table to Far East end of Church (same location as Catholic altar)
• chancel would be raised by some reps
• chancel area would be separated from rest of church by a rail
• Altar covered with an embroidered cloth

Question 9

Laudian changes to church ceremony

Answer 9

Laudianism mirrors Catholicism in its emphasis on ceremony

- Church services were centred on a Catechism and a set Prayer book to be recited

Question 10

Laudian Campaign against unlicensed preaching

Answer 10

Laud limited preaching to only a Sunday and attacked Feoffees for impropriations in 1633

Question 11

How did Laud enhance the power of Church hierarchy?

4 points

Answer 11

• ordered Bishops to visit each of their parishes at least once every three years
• archbishops reported directly to Charles
• priests given jobs as JPs and many bishops sat on Privy council
• prerogative courts to judge religious cases (Star Chamber)

Question 12

Feoffees for impropriations

When?
What was it?

Answer 12

1633
A Puritan organisation that raised money to control the appointment of clergy to praised in order to establish Puritan preachers = forbidden by Laud

Question 13

Reissue of the Book of Sports

When?
What was it?

Answer 13

1633
Made sports after the Sunday service compulsory and was read from the Pulpit so that it was known to everyone in the community

Question 14

How were Laudian measures enforced?

Answer 14

Through visitations and ecclesiastical courts.

Visitations were official visits by Bishops to report on Parishes

Question 15

Charles I’s role in imposition of Laudianism

Answer 15

Supported Arminians due to a growing hatred of Puritans, and his belief in his own divine right

Question 16

Puritan response to Charles’ role in imposition of Laudianism

(2 points)

Answer 16

• became heavily focussed on Charles’ religious policies and the prominence of anti-Calvinist Arminians at court
• believed the King was influenced by Catholics like his wife Henrietta Maria (believed there was a Catholic conspiracy)

Question 17

Who were Puritans?

Answer 17

Puritans were more extreme forms of Protestants:

• religion was at the centre of their lives
• wanted further Church reform to remove all aspects of Catholic practices and symbols

Question 18

Features of Puritanism

3 points

Answer 18

• heavy importance on the Bible
• Anti-Catholicism
• Believed in Millenarianism

Question 19

St Gregory’s case

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 19

1633

• Parishioners of St Gregory’s Church London challenged moving the communion table to east end of the church
• disagrees with the use of richly decorated cloth on altar table and separation of altar from congregation
• parishioners brought before the Privy Council

Question 20

John Williams case

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 20

1637

• Bishop John Williams imprisoned for publishing a criticism of the Altar policy in ‘The Holy Table, Name and Thing’
• suggested that Protestants even opposed Catholic terminology

Question 21

Prynn, Burton and Bastwick

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 21

1637

• well respected Puritans (John Bastwick, Henry Burton, William Prynn)
• brought before English Court of Law for criticising Church policy
• found guilty of criticising Laud’s measures = fined £5000, imprisoned for life and ears cropped
• people sympathised a lot with them (not over views but because they had respectable professions)

Question 22

John Lilbourne

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 22

1638

• He helped to distribute Bastwick’s work
• driven to oppose Laudianism by Protestant views and committed himself to Print
• 1638 found guilt of printing unlicensed literature
• fined, whipped and pilloried in public
• still continued to write once back in prison