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A-level History - Stuarts > Chapter 10 - The First Civil War: England, Scotland, Ireland > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - The First Civil War: England, Scotland, Ireland Flashcards

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1
Q

When was an anti-catholic army formed in Ireland?

A

April 1642

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2
Q

Who commanded forces around Dublin in April 1642?

A

Earl of Ormond

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3
Q

Who made up the anti-catholic army / formation in Ireland April 1642?
(2 poitns)

A

> 10,000 Scottish troops sent to support ulster Protestants

> financed by Parliament

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4
Q

What was the significance of the anti-catholic army in Ireland?
What were their successes?

A

> by end of 1643, had extended Protestant control

> but catholic confederation held rest of Ireland except Dublin

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5
Q

When did the Earl go Ormond sign the cessation?
Who was it with?
What was it?

A

September 1643
> Catholic confederation
> 1 year truce

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6
Q

what was the impact of the cessation?

2 points

A

> 22,000 Irish troops sent to England from Oct 1643 - June 1644 to support Charles
had little impact and was counterproductive bc it antagonised parliament

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7
Q

When did Ormond sign peace treaty with confederates?

Ireland

A

March 1643

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8
Q

When was the Battle at Benburb?
What happened?
What was the significance of the battle?

A

June 1643
> representative of Gaelic Irish (Owen Roe O’Neill) defeated Scottish covenanters at Benburb
> Irish less likely to support Charles = no longer a common enemy

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9
Q

What religion are the Parliamentarians and the Royalists?

A 
Parliamentarians = Puritan
Royalists = mainly Protestants
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10
Q

What was the key factor that led to the civil war in Scotland?

A

Scottish Rebellion 1637

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11
Q

What ended the Bishops wars in October 1640?

A

Truce of Ripon

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12
Q

What was the outcome of the Bishops wars?

2 points

A

> Covenanters defeat Charles in Bishops wars

> stronger force so they isolate Charles and supporters

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13
Q

What was the Treaty of Ripon?

When was it signed?

A

> treaty stating Charles would pay the Scottish forces to hold in Ripon and not advance further so he could gather his forces
Oct 1640

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14
Q

When did Parliament and Scottish Covenanters unite?

What did they form?

A

> September 1643

> Solemn league and Covenanters

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15
Q

What was the Solemn League and Covenant?
When was it formed?
What was the only negative outcome?

A

> military alliance formed between Parliament and the Covenanters
1643
alienated Scottish nobles leading some to change support to Charles instead

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15
Q

Evidence of Royalist victories against convnanters?
What was the only downside of royalist victories?
(3 points)

A

> Earl of Montrose led royalist forces north against Covenanters
army won multiple victories 1644-45
there was little material gain/support from Charels so many highlanders left his forces and returned to homeland

16
Q

What stopped the progress of Montrose’s forces?
Where and when?
What did this mean for Charles?

A

> Covenanter army of 6000 returned from England and crushed rebelling nobles
Philiphaugh Sept 1645
ended Charles’ military hopes in Scotland

17
Q

When did the Catholic confederation of Gaelic and Old English form?

A

May 1642

17
Q

Who did Charles form a 1 year truce with in September 1643?

What was the outcome?

A

> Irish Catholic confederation

> Irish troops sent to help Royalists but had little impact

18
Q

What was Ormond’a told in the First Civil War?

A

Led Royalist army in Ireland

19
Q

When did the First Civil war begin?

A

22 August 1642

20
Q

What were the dates of the First Civil War?

A

1642-1646

21
Q

Why did Charles lost the first civil war in Scotland and Ireland?
(6 points)

A

> Opponents better supplied
opponents better organised
opponents more religiously motivated
Forces were outnumbered
royalists weak from early rebellions in Scot and Ireland
unable to coordinate forces within the country

23
Q

When was the battle of edge hill?
What happened?
Who won?

A

Oct 1642
> first battle of English civil war, very bloody battle, lots of deaths on both sides
> inconclusive battle

24
Q

When was the battle of lands down?
What happened?
Who won?

A

July 1643
> big battle
> royalists win at high cost
> forced to retreat and lost men, horses and ammunition

25
Q

When was the Battle of Morston Moor?

What happened?

A 
July 1644
> largest battle
> in York - previously royalist
> Royalists led by Prince Rupert
> Parliamentarians won
26
Q

When was the Battle of Naseby?

What happened?

A

June 1645
> Prince Rupert led Royalists
> New Model Army’s first battle
> Cromwell wins decisively

28
Q

When was the battle of Bristol?
What happened?
Who won?

A

August - September 1645
> Bristol was a key port so parliament surrounded and stormed
> royalists surrendered
> Charles dismissed Prince Rupert and forces him to leave Eng
> Chester is only remaining royalist port now

29
Q

Name 2 significant Battles of the First Civil War in England?

A

Battle of Morston Moor

Battle of Naseby

30
Q

When did Charles surrender to the Scots near the end of the First Civil War?

A

5th May 1646

31
Q

What were the strengths of the Royalists in the first civil war?

A

> supported by rich and military trained nobles
foreign aid
Prince Rupert

32
Q

What were the weaknesses of the royalists in the first civil war?
(6 points)

A

> ADMINISTRATION = Oxford council didnt have control of all commanders
STRATEGY = didn’t stick to strategies
GENERALS = at first inexperienced but well liked by soldiers. Then experienced but not liked
DIVISION = Henrietta-Maria and Prince Rupert wanted to continue war but Kind’s advisor didn’t
CHARLES = was the military leader so had to take all the blame
IRISH AGREEMENT = Charles agreement with Irish Catholics was a failure bc they were ineffective and decreased royalist support because they were Catholics

33
Q

What were the strengths of the Parliamentarians in the First Civ War?
(5 points)

A

> FINANCE = ‘assessment’ was a direct tax on income for war (raised lots)
SLAC = solemn league and covenant alliance with Scotland
LONDON = held london, very important for propaganda. Also had largest port. Also had huge manpower (very populated)
NAVY = parliament had control of navy which meant constant supplies, and meant they could limit royalists getting supplies
NMA = much better organised / more efficient / regularly paid / professional soldier

34
Q

How did the parliamentarians raise money for the First Civil War?
When?

A

November 1642

> Assessments = direct tax on income for war raised lots of money

A-level History - Stuarts (16 decks)

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