Chapter 4 - Religion And Religious Divisions Flashcards
What was the major religion in England in 1603?
Protestant Calvinism
Why was there hostility to Catholicism at this time?
3 poitns
> Reformation
burning of Protestants under Catholic ‘Bloody’ Mary I
war against Catholic Spain in Elizabeth’s reign (esp. Spanish Armada 1588)
Key differences between Catholicism and Protestantism:
Catholicism:
- stayed as one form of religion
- clear hierarchy
- services are centralised (exactly the same worldwide)
- belief in transubstantiation in mass
- Bible written in Latin
- believe in Saints
- Believe in salvation through faith and good works
Protestantism:
- has branched of into many different denominations over time
- different in different denominations but Anglican structure similar to Catholicism
- services depend on each individual subsection/branch preference
- belief in consubstantiation in mass
- Bible is vernacular
- No Saints (no distractions from God)
- Salvation through faith alone
What were the religious beliefs of James I?
- James was uneaten to publicise his own religious beliefs but he worked to establish the Pope as the Anti-Christ (suggesting he was anti-catholic)
- This was a wise position to take as there was a lot of Catholic opposition in England and also coming as Scottish King he had to try and gain respect of English
What was the Conspiracy Mentality?
What were causes of the Conspiracy Mentality?
> view of Charles developed inside and outside of court
Charles had favourites + was out of touch with views of PN
Outsiders from Court believed Catholics/Arminians (esp. also Charles’ marriage to Catholic Henrietta Maria) were in control of the King
Charles believed his difficulties with Parliament were an attempt by Puritans to attack his power
When were recusancy fines collected?
What were they?
> May 1603
fines imposed on anyone who didnt attend the compulsory Church of Eng service on a Sunday (usually Catholics or Puritans who disagreed with Protestant/ Calvinist services)
When was anti-Jesuit legislation passed?
Who passed it?
Why was it passed?
> 1604
encouraged by Parliament
Jesuits (religious order = seen as the aggressive arm of the Catholic Church) fought openly to convert Protestant countries to Catholicism under the Pope
When was the Gunpowder plot?
What was it?
> November 1605
> Catholic plot against the government (intended as the precursor to a Catholic uprising)
What was passed in response to the Gunpowder plot?
What was it?
> 1606 Oath of Allegiance
> Oath which meant Catholics had to swear loyalty to James I and not the Pope
What Parliamentary laws were passed in 1606?
What effect did they have?
> two severe anti-catholic legislation
James didn’t rigorously enforce them (lacked administrative drive and didn’t want to upset Catholic Spain after peace in Treaty of London) but after Gunpowder plot, Catholics just naturally became more passive
Richard Montagu
Who was he?
Parliament’s views?
Richard Montagu was an Anglican clerk + Chaplain to James I. He put forward an anti-Calvinist argument = wanted to find middle ground between Roman Catholic and Calvinist extremes.
Wrote ‘A New Gag for an Old Goose’
Parliament attacked Charles’ support of Richard Montagu.
What was Arminianism?
Religion close to Catholicism.
In James’ early reign what religion would he be described as?
What were his religious views towards the end of his reign?
How was this shown? (2 points)
In his early reign James was far more anti-Catholic
He moved later to be more towards Catholicism.
- Allowed William Laud to have greater presence in theological debates at court
- Didn’t censor Richard Montagu’s 1624 work ‘A New gag for an Old Goose’ = was a publicised Arminian work
William Laud
Who was he?
What did he try to do?
Parliament’s view of him?
How he impacted relationship of Charles and Parliament?
- significant religious and political advisor for Charles I + Archbishop of Canterbury
- tried to implement religious reforms attacking strict Protestant practices of English Puritans
- accused him of popery, tyranny and treason
- key instigators of conflict between Charles and Parliament
Millenary Petition
When was it? (Which king?)
What was it?
Example? (1)
- 1603 = while James travelled from Scotland to be crowned King
- petition was a list of requests for more Parliament modifications to Church of England
Eg. Freedom of ministers not to wear ceremonial robes
