Chapter 6 - The State Of Relations Between The Crown And Parliament By 1629 And The Reaction Of The Political Nation Flashcards
What were the four main points of the Petition of Right?
When was it?
1628 Petition of right
1) Parliament had to consent to taxation
2) People could only be imprisoned with just cause
3) Imposition of Martial law was illegal
4) Imposition of billeting was illegal
Why did Parliament want the petition of Right?
4 reasons
1) to prevent Charles disbanding Parliament (response to continued T+P collection)
2) In response to Charles’ untrustworthy nature shown in 5 Knights case
3) To prevent Charles overriding government law with military rule and becoming absolutist
4) to prevent Charles taking advantage of civilians (and also because Billeting often led to imposing martial law)
Why did Charles have to accept the petition?
2 points
1) To prevent parliamentary proceedings against Buckingham
2) to ensure he is granted funds for war (Thirty Years War with Europe)
What were the 2 failures of the 1628 Petition of Right?
How did Charles respond to each of these?
1) Did not mention customs duties/impositions/tonnage and poundage
- Charles claims he didn’t surrender these rights and keeps collecting them
2) Did not address Charles’ favour of anti-Calvinists
- Appoints Laud and Montagu as Bishops showing his support for Arminianism
How did the roles of Laud and Montagu change in 1628?
Laud = appointed Bishop of London Montagu = appointed Bishop of Chichester
What was the problem with Charles’ official response to the Petition of Right?
(2 points)
1) Charles didn’t initially reply to the Petition in the correct way which created distrust and meant the Commons had to insist on the correct response
2) Charles had made the royal printer efface the document statute number which cast doubt over the legality of the document
When did Parliament uncover what Charles had done?
What did it mean?
- came out in Parliament in 1629
- Mp’s questioned if Charles could be trusted to rule by ambiguity of unwritten constitution or if they needed a more formal way of limiting his power
What were the two key issues Parliament faced in 1629?
1) Religion
- Charles had appointed Montagu as Bishop
- Little change of King accepting Puritan-minded views
- MP’s believed Arminianism was a threat to the Church of England
2) Tonnage and Poundage
- Charles attacked Customs farmers/merchants
- if merchants refused to pay Charles had their goods confiscated
- example of this case is John Rolle (who was also an MP)
Why did Charles continue collecting Tonnage and poundage after the period which commons allowed?
Charles believed that the emergency of war and the need for funds meant that he could keep collecting.
What was the commons response to Charles continued collection of Tonnage and Poundage after the period allowed?
Commons were not united and debates became confused. People couldn’t agree whether to attack the Arminians or the King.
What were the Three Resolutions 1629?
1) Anyone bringing Arminianism was an enemy of the King and hte kingdom
2) All who advises the continued collection of T+P was a capital enemy
3) Anyone who paid Tonnage and poundage was a capital enemy
How and why did MP’s pass the three resolutions 1629?
- Believed the King wanted the rule alone
- 2 March King tried to adjourn Parliament again so MP’s barred the door and held down the speaker until the three resolutions were in place
- Some MP’s later imprisoned for this
How did Charles respond to the Three resolutions?
- It confirmed Charles’ view that Parliament wouldn’t cooperate with him and he believed he would rule more effectively without compromises
- 10 March 1629 = Charles dissolves Parliament and begins his personal rule
What were the key factors causing relationship breakdown between Charles and Parliament?
(7 points)
> Religion > finance > war > Buckingham (favourites) > Charles > Ideology > functional reasons
What was the period called when Charles ruled w/o Parliament?
Personal Rule
