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Sociology 1020 > Chapter 7 - Deviance and Crime > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Deviance and Crime Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Deviance

A

occurs when someone departs from a norm and evokes a negative reaction from others

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2
Q

Laws

A

norms specified and enforced by government bodies

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3
Q

Crime

A

deviance that breaks the law

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4
Q

Informal Punishment

A

involves a mild sanction that is imposed during face to face interaction, not by the judicial system

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5
Q

Stigmatized

A

people are negatively evaluated because of a marker that distinguishes them from others and that is labelled as socially unacceptable

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6
Q

Formal Punishment

A

the judicial system penalizes someone for breaking a law

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7
Q

Social Diversions

A

minor acts of deviance, generally perceived as harmless. they evoke (at most) a mild societal reaction

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8
Q

Social Deviations

A

non-criminal departures from norms that are subject to official control

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9
Q

Conflict Crimes

A

illegal acts, many find harmful to society, yet some people don’t. punishable by state

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10
Q

Consensus Crime

A

illegal acts that almost everyone agree are bad in themselves, and harm society greatly. state inflicts severe punishment for these crimes

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11
Q

Self Report Surveys

A

respondents are asked to report their involvement in criminal activities, either as perpetrators or victims

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12
Q

Victimless Crimes

A

involve violations of the law of which no victim steps forward and is identified

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13
Q

Victimization Surveys

A

people are asked whether they have been victims of crimes

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14
Q

Street Crimes

A

include anon, break and enter, assault, and other illegal acts disproportionately committed by people of lower classes

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15
Q

White-Collar Crimes

A

illegal acts committed by respectable, high-class and high status persons in the course of their work

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16
Q

Labelling Theory

A

deviance results not so much from the actions of the deviant as from the response of others, who label the rule breaker as deviant

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17
Q

Strain Theory

A

people may turn to deviance when they experience strain. strain results when a culture teaches people the value of material success and society fails to provide enough legitimate opportunities for everyone to succeed

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18
Q

Subculture

A

a set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger culture

19
Q

Control Theory

A

the rewards of deviance and crime are sufficient, therefore nearly everyone would engage in deviance and crime if they could get away with it. from this point of view, the degree to which people are prevented from violating norms and laws accounts for variations int he level of deviance and crime

20
Q

Social Control

A

the ways in which a social system attempts to regulate people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance, and behaviour

21
Q

Internal Social Control

A

regulates people through socialization and shapes people’s minds so they come to regard deviant actions as undesirable

22
Q

External Social Control

A

regulates people by imposing punishments and offering rewards

23
Q

Panopticon

A

prison design that allows inmates to be constantly observed without their knowledge

24
Q

Surveillance Society

A

uses all-encompassing surveillance technology to optimize social control

25
Q

Moral Panic

A

an extreme over-response that occurs when many people strongly believe that some form of deviance or crime poses a profound threat to society’s well-being

26
Q

Recidivism Rate

A

the rate at which convicted offenders commit another crime

27
Q

Examples of Informal Punishment

A

gossip, raises eyebrows, shaming, stigmatization

28
Q

Examples of Formal Punishment

A

sentences for prison time or community service

29
Q

4 Types of Deviance and Crime

A
  1. Social Diversions
  2. Social Deviations
  3. Conflict Crimes
  4. Consensus Crimes
30
Q

4 Explanations for Decline in Canadian Crime Rates

A
  1. growing number of well-trained law enforcement officers are fighting crime
  2. young men are most prone to committing crimes, however the number of young people int he population is declining
  3. the unemployment rate is strongly correlated with the crime rate, however Canada’s economy has grown
  4. legalization of abortion
31
Q

3 Stage Process to Regular Marijuana Usage

A
  1. learning to smoke the drug in a way that produces real effects
  2. learning to recognize the effects and connect them with drug use
  3. learning to enjoy the perceived sensations
32
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Approaches to deviance and Crime (2)

A
  • learning deviance

- labelling theory

33
Q

Functionalist Theory Approaches to Deviance and Crime (3)

A
  • society benefits from deviance and crime (durkheim)
  • strain theory (merton)
  • criminal subcultures
34
Q

Conflict Theory Approaches to Deviance and Crime (2)

A
  • social control

- the rich and powerful impose deviant and criminal labels on others

35
Q

In what year was capital punishment abolished in Canada?

A

1976

36
Q

Rationales for Imprisonment

A

incapacitation, rehabilitation, deterrence, revenge

37
Q

Alternatives to Imprisonment

A

community service, fines, victims-offender reconciliation

38
Q

What are the main trends in social control and regulation?

A

surveillance society, deviance has become medicalized, imprisonment has become a favoured means of social control, moral panics help increase the incarceration rate

39
Q

Who benefits from Moral Panic and why?

A

Mass media: allows them to rake in hefty profits

The criminal justice system: allows them to increase spending on crime prevention, control, and punishment

Politicians: some base their entire careers on get-tough policies.

40
Q

Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

A

listing of the number of criminal offences occurring in each police service’s jurisdiction. every police service is required to report the number of criminal offences monthly, data forwarded to the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS)

41
Q

According to Travis Hirschi, who is most prone to deviance and crime (1) and what are they most likely to lack (4)?

A
  • adolescents are most prone to deviance and crime.
  1. social attachments to respectable role models.
  2. legitimate opportunities for education and a good job.
  3. involvements in conventional institutions.
  4. beliefs in traditional values and morality.
42
Q

Bill C10 - ‘Tough on Crime’ (5)

A
  • build more prisons
  • put more criminals in prison
  • increases to maximum prison sentences
  • new mandatory minimum sentences
  • police empowered to make more arrests
43
Q

What are the possible outcomes to Bill C10 - ‘tough on crime’

A
  • once in ‘the system’ - come into contact with ‘real hardened’ criminals (reintegration back into society?)
  • restorative justice (e.g. family group conferences / healing circles) will be compromised / terminated altogether

Sociology 1020 (15 decks)

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