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Sociology 1020 > Chapter 4 - Socialization > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Socialization Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Socialization

A

the process by which people learn to function in social life and become aware of themselves as they interact with others

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2
Q

Role

A

the behaviour expected of a person occupying a particular position in society

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3
Q

Self (definition and who)

A
  • consists of your ideas and attitudes about who you are as an independent being
  • Sigmund Freud
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4
Q

The I (definition and who)

A
  • the subjective and impulsive aspect of the self that is present from birth
  • who: Mead
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5
Q

The Me (definition and who)

A
  • the objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically and learn to take the role of the other
  • who: Mead
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6
Q

Significant Others

A

people who play important roles in the early socialization experiences of children

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7
Q

Generalized Other (definition and who)

A
  • a person’s image of cultural standards, and how they apply to him or her
  • who: Mead
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8
Q

The Life Course

A

the distinct phases of life through which people pass. these stages vary from one society and historical period to another

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9
Q

Rites of Passage

A

cultural ceremonies that mark the transition from one stage of life to another

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10
Q

Age Cohort

A

a category of people born in the same range of years

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11
Q

Age Roles

A

norms and expectations about the behaviour of people in different age cohorts

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12
Q

Generation

A

an age cohort that shares unique formative experiences during the first few decades of life, which help to shape a collective identity and set of values

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13
Q

The Social Environment

A

composed of others to whom individuals must adapt to satisfy their own needs and interests

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14
Q

Adaptation

A

the process of changing one’s actions to maximize the degree to which an environment satisfies one’s needs and interests

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15
Q

Primary Socialization

A

the process of acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society during childhood; usually takes place in a family

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16
Q

Secondary Socialization

A

socialization outside the family after childhood

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17
Q

Hidden Curriculum

A

in school involves teaching obedience to authority and conformity to cultural norms

18
Q

Thomas Theorem

A

states “situations we define as real become real in their consequences

19
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

an expectation that helps bring about what it predicts

20
Q

Peer Group

A

consists of individuals who are about the same age and similar status. acts as an agent of socialization

21
Q

Status

A

a recognized social position an individual can occupy

22
Q

Cyber-Bullying

A

the use of electronic communications technology to threaten, harass, embarrass, or socially exclude others

23
Q

Gender Roles

A

the set of behaviours associated with widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act

24
Q

Virtual Communities

A

associations of people scattered across the country or the planet who communicate via computer about subjects of common interest

25
Q

Resocialization

A

occurs when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in a person’s values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes against a person’s will

26
Q

Initiation Rights

A

rituals that signify transition from one group to another and ensure loyalty to the new group

27
Q

Total Institutions (definition and who)

A
  • settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff
  • Erving Goffman
28
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A

involves taking on the norms and behaviours of a role to which we aspire

29
Q

Digital Technologies

A

social media, the internet, and other electronic tools that generate, store, or process data as a series of 1s and 0s

30
Q

Looking-Glass Self (definition and who)

A
  • we imagine how we must appear to others, the judgment of that appearance, and then we develop our ‘self’ through the judgments of others
  • Charles Horton Cooley
31
Q

Meads Theory of Self

A
  1. Imitation of Significant Others
  2. Pretending (playing doctor, house, school, etc)
  3. Playing Complex Games (take roles of several others)
  4. Developing a sense of cultural standards through the generalized other
32
Q

Canada’s 5 Identifiable Generations (name, years, key traits, values)

A 
1. The Greatest Generation
(1901-1928)
- great depression
- WWII
- rules, discipline, thriftiness, conformity, hard work, trust in government
  1. The Silent Generation
    (1929-1945)
    - traditionalist or lucky generation
    - rules, discipline, thriftiness, conformity, hard work, trust in government
  2. Baby Boomers
    (1946-1965)
    - trudeaumania, rock music
    - civil rights, Vietnam war, sexual revolution, feminism
    - anti-war, anti-government, equal rights, involvement, personal gratification
4. Generation X
(1966-1981)
- latchkey kids
- increase in divorce rates
- slow economic growth, mcjobs
- skeptical, individualistic, lack of loyalty to an organization, conservative with money
5. Millennials
(1982-2000)
- technology
- school shootings, terrorist attacks
- self esteem movement in education
- achievement, fun, civic duty, sociability, take technological advances for granted
33
Q

3 Stage Ceremony of Rites of Passage (names and definitions)

A
  1. ritual rejection = the new member separates from the old status and identity
  2. ritual death = the new member experiences degradation, disorientation, and stress
  3. ritual rebirth = the new members accepts the new group culture and status
34
Q

Functionalist Theory of Socialization

A

socialization helps to maintain orderly social relations while minimizing individual freedom

35
Q

Feminist and Conflict Theories of Socialization

A

emphasize the discord that occurs during socialization based on class, gender, and other divisions

36
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Theory of Socialization

A

individual creativity allows individuals to attach meaning to their social surroundings, thus highlighting how individuals often step outside of, and modify, values and roles that authorities try to teach them

37
Q

Which theory defines the perspectives of George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley?

A

Symbolic Interactionist

38
Q

3 Parts of Self

A

Id, Superego, Ego

39
Q

Id (definition and who)

A
  • part of self that demands immediate gratification (primary process thinking – operates on the ‘pleasure principle’)
  • Sigmund Freud
40
Q

Superego (definition and who)

A
  • personal conscience
  • part of self that acts as repository of cultural standards, morals and values
  • operates based on ‘moral’ / cultural imperatives
  • Sigmund Freud
41
Q

Ego (definition and who)

A
  • psychological mechanism that attempts to exact a maintain an equilibrium between the conflicting needs of pleasure-seeking id and restraining superego
  • Sigmund Freud
42
Q

Rational Ego

A

part of the psyche that is (usually) reflected most directly in a person’s actions

Sociology 1020 (15 decks)

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