Chapter 17 - Education

Question 1

Educational achievement

Answer 1

the learning of valuable skills and knowledge

Question 2

Educational attainment

Answer 2

the number of years of schooling successfully completed or, for higher learning, the degrees or certificates earned

Question 3

Assortative mating

Answer 3

occurs when marriage partners are selected so that spouses are similar on various criteria of social rank

Question 4

Meritocracy

Answer 4

a social hierarchy in which rank corresponds to individual capacities fairly tested against a common standard

Question 5

Social exclusion

Answer 5

achieved by creating barriers so that certain social opportunities and positions are not open to all

Question 6

Subjugated knowledge

Answer 6

includes descriptions and explanations of events that dominant groups selectively devalue or ignore

Question 7

Professionalization

Answer 7

occurs to the degree that certain levels and types of schooling are established as criteria for gaining access to an occupation

Question 8

Cultural Capital

Answer 8

the stock of learning and skills that increase the chance of securing a superior job

Question 9

Pedagogic violence

Answer 9

Bourdieu’s term for teachers’ application of punishments intended to discourage deviation from the dominant culture

Question 10

Reproduction of the existing stratification system

Answer 10

refers to the social processes that ensure that offspring enter a rank or class similar or identical to that of their parents

Question 11

Hidden curriculum

Answer 11

in school teaches obedience to authority and conformity to cultural norms

Question 12

Concerted cultivation

Answer 12

the middle-class parenting style that systematically organizes and directs children’s time to activities that prepare them for success in school

Question 13

Natural growth

Answer 13

the parenting style of working and lower-class families that leaves children largely to their own devices, except when parents demand obedience and authority

Question 14

Factors in the rise of mass education

Answer 14

1. Development of the printing press - enabled literacy to spread beyond elite circles
   went from “scribes” to ‘mass production’
2. Protestant reformation - translation of bible from latin into the ‘language of the people’
   protestants encourage to read scriptures regularly
3. Industrialization - mass education widely recognized as absolute necessity for creating industrial economy
4. Spread of democracy - led to ‘free education for all children’

Question 15

Democracy

Answer 15

a state of society characterized by formal equality of rights and privileges

Question 16

Manifest functions of education

Answer 16

• socialization
• transmission of culture
• social control
• social placement
• change and innovation

Question 17

Latent functions of education

Answer 17

• keep children/teenagers off the street
• keep youth out of the full-time job market
• ‘match-making’ institution
• establishment of social networks

Question 18

Homogenous

Answer 18

compose of similar or identical parts or elements

Question 19

Social exclusion

Answer 19

certain social opportunities and positions are restricted to members of one group

Question 20

Credential inflation

Answer 20

it takes increasingly more certificates or degrees to qualify for a particular job

Question 21

Cultural capital

Answer 21

(Pierre Bourdieu) learning and skills that ensure superior positions in productive activity