Chapter 10 - Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

an attitude that judges a person on his or her group’s real or imagined characteristics

Question 2

Discrimination

Answer 2

unfair treatment of people because of their group membership

Question 3

Race

Answer 3

a social construct used to distinguish people in terms of one or more physical markers, usually with profound effects in their lives (physical)

Question 4

Scapegoat

Answer 4

a disadvantaged person or category of people whom others blame for their own problems

Question 5

Ethnic Group

Answer 5

people whose perceived cultural markers are deemed socially significant. they differ from one another in terms of language, religion, customs, values, ancestors, etc. (cultural)

Question 6

Canada’s Multiculturalism Policy (definition and year)

Answer 6

• emphasizes tolerance of ethnic and racial differences

- 1971

Question 7

Symbolic Ethnicity

Answer 7

a nostalgic alliance to the culture of the immigrant generation, or that of the old country, that is not usually incorporated into everyday behaviour

Question 8

Racism

Answer 8

the belief that a visible characteristic of a group, such as skin colour, indicates group inferiority and justifies discrimination

Question 9

Internal Colonialism

Answer 9

• variant of conflict theory
• involves one race or ethnic group controlling another in the same country
• it prevents assimilation by segregating the subordinate group in terms of jobs, housing, and social contacts

Question 10

Expulsion

Answer 10

the forcible removal of a population from a territory claimed by another population

Question 11

Genocide

Answer 11

the intentional extermination of an entire population defined as a “race” or a “people”

Question 12

Intersectionality

Answer 12

the combined effects of class, race, and gender on discrimination and oppression

Question 13

Conquest

Answer 13

the forcible capture of land and the economic and political domination of its inhabitants

Question 14

Four issues that the modernization of Quebec failed to resolve

Answer 14

1. the potential demographic decline of the Québécois
2. the assimilation of immigrants into english culture
3. persistent ethnic stratification
4. the continued use of english as the language of private industry

Question 15

Slavery

Answer 15

the ownership and control of people

Question 16

The Theory of the Split Labour Market (theory and outcome)

Answer 16

• holds that where low-wage workers of one race and high-wage workers of another race compete for the same jobs, high-wage workers are likely to resent the presence of low-wage competitors and conflict is bound to result.
• consequently, racist attitudes develop or are reinforced

Question 17

3 main factors that increase the significance of ethnic group membership for white European Canadians residing in the country for several generations

Answer 17

1. ethnic group membership can have economic benefits
2. ethnic group membership can be politically useful
3. ethnic group membership tends to persist because of the emotional support it provides

Question 18

Transnational Communities

Answer 18

communities whose boundaries extend between or among countries

Question 19

Pluralism

Answer 19

the retention of racial and ethnic culture combined with equal access to basic social resources

Question 20

Employment Equity

Answer 20

a policy giving preference to minority group members if equally qualified people are available for a position

Question 21

Critical Race Theory

Answer 21

holds that racism is often the outcome of common practices that are embedded in Canada’s political, legal, and other institutions but that many people, especially those in dominant positions, are not aware of

Question 22

How is race constructed?

Answer 22

• biologist suggest that race is not a useful or meaningful term because the biological differences that distinguish races do not predict differences in social behaviour
• however, the perceptions of racial difference do have important consequences for people’s lives

Question 23

About 80 years ago, what did Canadian professor Peter Sandiford argue that racial differences revealed themselves in?

Answer 23

IQ scores

Question 24

According to recent study and evidence, what is critical in determining IQ scores?

Answer 24

Social Setting

Question 25

What is the main difference between race and ethnicity

Answer 25

race = physical, ethnicity = cultural

Question 26

Sometimes a group gains virtually complete control over an Aboriginal population and proceeds to change or destroy the aboriginal culture. What is this known as?

Answer 26

Colonialism