Chapter 7: Development Stuff Flashcards
Cell Bodies in the PNS are the
Neural Crest
Neural Groove becomes
neural tube (entire nervous system)
Germ layers:
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
- Ectoderm
- Viscera (organs)
- Bones/muscles
- Skin, nervous system
Primary Neurulation
neural plate becomes neural tube brain and spinal cord to lumbar levels
16 days post fertilization
notochord forms from mesoderm, is important for induction causes overlying ectoderm to form neural plate
Day 18-
Day 20-
Day 24-
Day 26-
Neural fold forms
Neural folds contact (zipper like cervical levels)
Anterior Neuropore
Posterior Neuropore
Secondary Neurulation
Day 20-42: Sacral and Coccygeal levels of spinal cord
Secondary Neurulation continued: Neural Canal --> Alar Plate -- > Basal Plate --> What separates the alar and basal plates?
Neural canal becomes ventricles
Alar –> dorsal (sensory) (ADS)
Basal–> Ventral (motor) BVM
Sulcus limitans is the main groove that separates the plates
Anencephly
Anencephly (no brain) if the anterior neuropore fails to close.
Minor version results in cleft lip/cleft pallet.
Spina Bifida
Posterior Neuropore fails to close (hole is lower spinal cord)
Secondary Neurulation error
defects result in loss of sensation to leg/feet and bladder control
Motor axons from cortex synapse ____ and project to ______. Motor axons (efferents) from cortex cross (descussate) in _____. Where is motor info processed?
In the pons; to cerebellum
Descussate in medullary pyramids
Processed in Pyramids
Spinal Cord differentiation: 1. \_\_\_ \_\_\_ tube 2. Gray matter: 3. 3 types of columns White matter in the spinal cord is what
- caudal neural tube
- Dorsal horns (sensory); ventral horns (motor)
- Dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns
Dorsal: somatic info through spinal cord to medulla where it crosses
Lateral: corticospinal tract
White matter is axons
Medulla
controls breathing, HR, BP, digestion
Pons
motor relay to and from cerebellum
Midbrain
Vision, audition, eye movement, body movement
What 3 things make up brainstem?
Medulla, pons, midbrain
Diencephalon
Thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus
homeostasis, emotions, hunger, circadian rhythms, sensory motor integration
Thalamus
Cortex, BG, hippocampus, amygdala,
thought, voluntary movement, language, reason, perception
The Ventricular (CSF) system arise from
Cavity of neural tube called neural canal
What secretes CSF?
Choroid Plexus
What is between LV and 3rd V?
Intrerventricular foramen
What is between 3rd V and 4th V
Cerebral aqueduct
Choroid Epithelial cells are specialized to do what
Control flow of molecules into CSF
Basal Lamina in capillary:
Endothelial cells of capillaries have ______ that allow for exchanges of molecules between extracellular fluid and blood.
Fenestrations
What happens if cerebral aqueduct is blocked? What can you do to fix it?
Hydrocephalus, water on the brain, put in shunt to fix it
What are specializations of walls of the brain capillaries that limit the flow of ions drugs , etc. in extracellular space?
BBB
BBB is made of ___ cells surrounded by what?
Endothelial cells
Basal lamina
What kind of molecules can pass BBB?
Small
Higher Lipid soluble
Low electrical charge
Functions of BBB
- Protect brain from foreign substances
2. Maintain constant environment
What type of junctions of endothelial cells form?
Tight junctions
The superior sagitall sinus runs ____ around the brain.
The inferior sagitall sinus is at the base of ____ ____ surrounding corpus C.
dorsally
Fax cerebri
Name all the circumventricular organs. (areas with no BBB)
- Pineal Body
- Area Postrema
- Subfornical Organ
- Vascular organ of lamina terminalise (OVLT)
- Median Eminence
VAMPS
Pinal Boy
melatonin
Circadian rhythms
Area postrema
Vomiting center, caudal portion of 4th ventricle
Subfornical organ
Regulation of body fluids
VOLT (Vascular organ of LT)
Chemosensory area
Median eminence
Anterior pituitary hormones
