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Micro > Chapter 7-Control of Microbe Growth > Flashcards

Chapter 7-Control of Microbe Growth Flashcards

1
Q

refers to microbial contamination

A

sepsis

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2
Q

the absence of significant contamination

A

asepsis

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3
Q

aseptic surgery techniques prevent what?

A

microbial contamination of wounds

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4
Q

removing all microbial life

A

sterilization

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5
Q

killing C. botulinum endospores

A

commercial sterilization

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6
Q

C botulinum endospores

A

deadly toxins

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7
Q

removing pathogens (vegetation)

A

disinfection

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8
Q

removing pathogens from living tissue

A

antisepsis

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9
Q

removing microbes from a limited area

A

degerming

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10
Q

lowering microbial counts on eating utensils

A

sanitization

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11
Q

killing microbes

A

biocide/germicide

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12
Q

inhibiting, not killing, microbes

A

bacteriostasis

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13
Q

stopping from dividing

A

bacteriostasis

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14
Q

growth is measured by _____ and ______ of the number of cells

A

generations, log10

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15
Q

refers to doubling over time (binary fission)

A

genertion

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16
Q

a functional representation of generation of generations over time

A

log

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17
Q

one log decrease= ____ of population killed

A

90%

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18
Q

effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment depends on

A
  • number of microbes
  • environment
  • time of exposure
  • microbial
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19
Q

Large populations take _____ to kill

A

longer

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20
Q

_____ populations are killed more quickly

A

small

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21
Q

a population is called a ____

A

load

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22
Q

______ environments increase effectiveness

A

warm

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23
Q

____ environments decrease effectiveness

A

cool

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24
Q

fats and proteins create a _____ to treatments

A

barrier

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25
Q

actions of microbial control agents

A

alteration of membrane permeability
damage to proteins
damage to nucleic acid

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26
Q

leaking of cellular content

interferes with growth

A

alteration of membrane permeability

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27
Q

heat and chemicals can denature protein by breaking bonds

A

damage to proteins

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28
Q

DNA or RNA damage

A

damage to nucleic acids

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29
Q

extended exposure increases effectiveness

A

time of exposure

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30
Q

endospores and capsules resistance to treatment and protecting of the organism

A

microbial characteristics

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31
Q

lowest temperature a which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 minutes

A

thermal death point

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32
Q

time during which all cells in a culture are killed

A

thermal death time

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33
Q

minutes to kill 90% of a population at a given temperature

A

decimal reduction time

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34
Q

moist and heat _____

A

proteins

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35
Q

steam under pressure

A

autoclave

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36
Q

moist, heat, and autoclave can ____ microbe

A

kill

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37
Q

reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens

A

pasteurization

38
Q

70c for 15 sec

A

high temperature short time

39
Q

140c for less than 1sec

A

ultra high temperature

40
Q

63c for ____

A

30 minutes

41
Q

equivalent treatments for pasteurization

A

63 for 30min
72c for 15sec
140c for less than 1sec

42
Q

kills by oxidation

A

dry heat sterilization

43
Q

how to kill by oxidation

A

dry heat
flaming
incineration
hot air sterilization

44
Q

equivalent to dry heat sterilization

A

hot air at 170c for 2hrs

autoclave at 121c for 15min

45
Q

removes microbes > 0.3 nanometer

A

HEPA

46
Q

removes microbes > .22 nanometer

A

membrane filtration

47
Q

most common size of microbes

A

.22 nanometer

48
Q

what size microbe retains viruses

A

.01 nanometer

49
Q

low temperature
high pressure
desiccation
osmotic pressure

A

physical methods of microbial control

50
Q

inhibits microbial growth

A

low temperature- can be refrigeration, deep freezing, lyophilization (drying)

51
Q

denatures proteins

A

high pressure

52
Q

prevents metabolism

A

desiccation

53
Q

causes plasmolysis

A

osmotic pressure

54
Q

xrays, gamma rays, electron beams

A

ionizing radiation

55
Q

ionizes water to release OH

damages DNA

A

ionizing radiation

56
Q

UV, 260nm

damages DNA

A

nonionizing radiation

57
Q

kill by heat, not especially antimicrobial

A

microwaves

58
Q

4 principles of effective disinfection

A

concentration of disinfectant
organic matter
pH
Time

59
Q

most common disinfectant

A

bisphenol and phenol

60
Q

disrupt plasma membrane synthesis of staphylococcus and streptococcus species

A

hexaclorophene bisphenol

61
Q

disrupt plasma membrane synthesis or Gram

A

hexaclorophene triclosan

62
Q

found in antimicrobial/ antibacterial liquid soap

A

hexaclorophene triclosan

63
Q

Lysol

A

hexaclorophene bisphenol/ phenol

64
Q

halogens

A

iodine and chlorine

65
Q

in aqueous alcohol

A

iodine-tinctures

66
Q

in organic molecules

A

iodine-iodophers

67
Q

alter protein synthesis and membrane

A

iodine

68
Q

hypochlorous acid (HOCl)

A

Chlorine-Bleach

69
Q

chlorine + ammonia

A

Chlorine- Chloramine

70
Q

oxidizing agents (removal or loss of electrons

A

Chlorine

71
Q

Alcohols

A

Ethanol, Isopropanol

72
Q

denature proteins
dissolve lipids
require water (70% EtOH)

A

alcohol-ethanol/isopropanol

73
Q

Heavy Metals

A

Ag, Hg, Cu, Oligodynamic action

74
Q

silver nitrate may be used to prevent gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum

A

Ag, Hg, Cu

75
Q

silver sulfadiazine used as a topical cream on burns

A

Ag, Hg, Cu

76
Q

Copper sulfate is an algicide

A

Ag, Hg, Cu

77
Q

denature proteins

A

oligodynamic action

78
Q

degerming or physically removing microbes

A

soap

79
Q

sanitizing

A

acid-anionic detergents (negatively charged)

80
Q

bactericidal
denature proteins
disrupt plasma membrane
common in household cleaners

A

quaternary ammonium compounds (cationic detergents)

81
Q

organic acids

nitrites

A

chemical food preservatives

82
Q
  • inhibit metabolism of fungus and bacteria
  • sorbic acid, benzoic acid, & calcium propionate
  • control molds and bacteria in foods and cosmetics
A

organic acids

83
Q
  • prevents endospore germination

- Clostridium and Bacillus

A

Nitrites

84
Q

-inactive proteins by cross linking with functional groups
(-NH2, -OH, -COOH, -SH)
-use medical equipment (glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, & orthophthalaldehyde)

A

aldehydes

85
Q

denature proteins

use liquid, heat sensitive material (ethylene oxide)

A

gaseous sterilants

86
Q
  • oxidizing agents
  • use contamination surfaces and skin (antiseptics)
    • – O3, H2O2, peracetic acid
A

peroxygens

87
Q

metal rings dipped in test bacteria are dried

A

dilution test

88
Q

dried cultures are placed in disinfectant for 10 minutes at 20c

A

dilution test

89
Q

rings are transferred to culture media to determine whether bacteria survived treatment

A

dilution test

90
Q

plate bacteria, place disks dipped in disinfectant and incubate, measure zone of inhibition

A

disk diffusion method

91
Q

zone on plate where no bacteria can grow

A

zone of inhibition

Micro (10 decks)

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