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Chapter 5- Microbe Metabolism Flashcards

0
Q

Metabolism=

A

Catabolism+anabolism

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1
Q

The sum of the chemical elections in an organism

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism

A

Catabolism

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3
Q

Uses energy and building looks to bills large molecules

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

The most common carb

A

Glucose

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5
Q

Catabolism releases energy by

A

Oxidation of molecules

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6
Q

Anabolism uses energy to

A

Synthesize macromolecules that make up the cell

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7
Q

Sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions determine by enzymes

A

Metabolic pathway

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8
Q

What are enzymes

A

Proteins that do work

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9
Q

Enzymes lower the energy of

A

Activation

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10
Q

Specific for a chemical reaction but not used up in that reaction

A

Biological catalysts

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11
Q

Apoenzyme

A

Protein

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12
Q

Cofactors

A

Non protein component (vitamin, mineral, metal ion)

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13
Q

Holoenzyme=

A

Apoenzyme+ cofactors

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14
Q

Substrate=

A

Apoenzyme+coenzyme

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15
Q

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme

A

Active site

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16
Q

Enzymes end in

A

Ase

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17
Q

Enzyme used to make ATP

A

ATPase

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18
Q

ATP

A
  • stores energy in phosphate bonds
  • energy stored in phosphate bonds
  • nearly universal energy molecule for living organisms
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19
Q

Factors influencing enzyme activity

A

Temp, pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors

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20
Q

Temp and pH _____ proteins

A

Denature-when heated=breaks down

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21
Q

Inhibitor that binds to active site

A

Competitive inhibition

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22
Q

Inhibitor that binds to a site other than active site

A

Non competitive inhibition

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23
Q

Site where the non competitive inhibition binds

A

Allosteric site

24
Q

Enzymatic pathways require control so cells may regulate enzyme activity. Control is achieved via

A

Feedback inhibition

25
Q

Removal of electrons

26
Q

Gain of electrons

27
Q

An oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction

A

Redox reaction

28
Q

The breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy

A

Carbohydrate catabolism

29
Q

Breakdown of glucose from 6 carbon to 3 carbon

A

Glycolysis

30
Q

Further breakdown or glycolysis product

31
Q

Oxidation reduction chain to produce ATP

A

Electron transport chain

32
Q

True false: fermentation goes to Krebs

33
Q

True false: respiration goes to Krebs

34
Q

The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces ATP and NADH

A

Glycolysis

35
Q

4 ATP produced, 2 ATP used, 2 net ATP are produced, 2 NADH produced, 2 pyruvic acid

A

Glycolysis

36
Q

Oxidation of molecules liberates electrons for an electron transport chain

A

Cellular respiration

37
Q

ATP is generated by oxidative phosphorylation

A

Cellular respiration

38
Q

Oxidation of acetyl CoA produces NADH and FADH2

A

Krebs cycle

39
Q

NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons and hydrogen ions to the ETC

A

Electron transport chain

40
Q

Electrons are transferred between the chain molecules by a series of oxidation reduction steps

41
Q

This cases hydrogen ions to move across a membrane and build up a high concentration on one side

42
Q

Hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase, which drives synthesis of ATP when O2 is available

43
Q

ETC site in eukaryotic cell

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

44
Q

ETC site in prokaryotic cell

A

Plasma membrane

45
Q

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is molecular O2

A

Aerobic respiration

46
Q

The final electron acceptor in ETC is not O2

A

Anaerobic respiration

47
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration yield less energy than aerobic respiration?

A

Because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions

48
Q

Inorganic electron acceptor

No O2 require

A

Anaerobic respiration

49
Q

Energy produced from a complete oxidation of one glucose using aerobic respiration

A

Carbohydrate catabolism

50
Q

Any spoilage of food by microorganisms

A

Fermentation

51
Q

Any process that produced alcoholic beverages or acidic dairy products

A

Fermentation

52
Q

Any large scale microbial process occurring with or without air

A

Fermentation

53
Q

Releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules
Does no require O2
Does not use Krebs or ETC

A

Fermentation.

54
Q

Uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor

A

Fermentation

55
Q

Conversion of light energy to chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

56
Q

Carbon fixation and light independent (dark) reaction

57
Q

Fixing carbon into organic molecules

58
Q

Calvin benson cycle

A

Light independent/ dark reaction

Micro (10 decks)

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