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Micro > Chapter 14- Principles of Disease and Epidemiology > Flashcards

Chapter 14- Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

the study of disease

A

pathology

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2
Q

the study of the cause of a disease

A

etiology

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3
Q

the development of disease

A

pathogenesis

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4
Q

colonization of the body by pathogens

A

infection

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5
Q

an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

A

disease

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6
Q

may be present for days, weeks or months

A

transient microbiota

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7
Q

permanently colonize the host

A

normal microbiota

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8
Q

the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

A

symbiosis

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9
Q

one organism benefits and the other is uneffected

A

commensalism

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10
Q

both organisms benefit

A

mutualism

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11
Q

one organism benefits and the other is harmed

A

parasitism

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12
Q

some normal microbiota are _____

A

opportunistic pathogens

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13
Q

a competition between mircobes

A

microbial antagonism

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14
Q

how do normal microbiota protect the host?

A

occupy niches that pathogens could get in
produce acids
produce bacteriocins

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15
Q

live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

A

probiotics

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16
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates?

A

1-same pathogen must be present in every case of disease
2-pathogen must be isolated from disease host and grown in pure culture
3-pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inocculated into healthy subject
4-pathogen must be isolated from subject and be shown to be original organism

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17
Q

used to prove the cause of an infectious diease

A

koch’s postulates

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18
Q

some pathogens can cause _____ disease condition

A

several

19
Q

some pathogens can cause disease only in _____

A

humans

20
Q

change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease

A

symptom

21
Q

change in body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

A

sign

22
Q

a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

A

syndrome

23
Q

disease that is spread from one host to another

A

communicable disease

24
Q

disease that is easily spread from one host to another

A

contagious disease

25
Q

disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

A

noncommunicable disease

26
Q

symptoms develop rapidly

A

acute disease

27
Q

disease develops slowly

A

chronic disease

28
Q

symptoms between acute and chronic

A

subacute

29
Q

disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive

A

latent disease

30
Q

pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

A

local infection

31
Q

an infection throughout the body

A

systemic infection

32
Q

systemic infection that began as a local infection

A

focal infection

33
Q

Predisposing factors

A

short urethra, inherited traits, climate and weather, fatigue, age, lifestyle, chemotherapy

34
Q

may have inapparent infections or latent disease

A

carriers

35
Q

human continual sources of infection

A

aids, gonorrhea

36
Q

animal continual sources of infection

A

rabies, lyme disease

37
Q

nonliving continual sources of disease

A

botulism, tetanus

38
Q

true false: some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans

A

true

39
Q

requires close association between infected and susceptible host

A

direct transmission

40
Q

spread by fomites

A

indirect transmission

41
Q

transmission via airborne droplets

A

droplet

42
Q

transmission by an inanimate resevoir

A

water, food, air

vehicle transmission

43
Q

arthropod carries pathogen on feet

A

mechanical transmission

44
Q

pathogen reproduces in vector

A

biological transmission

Micro (10 decks)

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