Chapter 14- Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Flashcards
the study of disease
pathology
the study of the cause of a disease
etiology
the development of disease
pathogenesis
colonization of the body by pathogens
infection
an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally
disease
may be present for days, weeks or months
transient microbiota
permanently colonize the host
normal microbiota
the relationship between normal microbiota and the host
symbiosis
one organism benefits and the other is uneffected
commensalism
both organisms benefit
mutualism
one organism benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
some normal microbiota are _____
opportunistic pathogens
a competition between mircobes
microbial antagonism
how do normal microbiota protect the host?
occupy niches that pathogens could get in
produce acids
produce bacteriocins
live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
probiotics
What are Koch’s Postulates?
1-same pathogen must be present in every case of disease
2-pathogen must be isolated from disease host and grown in pure culture
3-pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inocculated into healthy subject
4-pathogen must be isolated from subject and be shown to be original organism
used to prove the cause of an infectious diease
koch’s postulates
some pathogens can cause _____ disease condition
several
some pathogens can cause disease only in _____
humans
change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease
symptom
change in body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease
sign
a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
syndrome
disease that is spread from one host to another
communicable disease
disease that is easily spread from one host to another
contagious disease
disease that is not transmitted from one host to another
noncommunicable disease
symptoms develop rapidly
acute disease
disease develops slowly
chronic disease
symptoms between acute and chronic
subacute
disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive
latent disease
pathogens are limited to a small area of the body
local infection
an infection throughout the body
systemic infection
systemic infection that began as a local infection
focal infection
Predisposing factors
short urethra, inherited traits, climate and weather, fatigue, age, lifestyle, chemotherapy
may have inapparent infections or latent disease
carriers
human continual sources of infection
aids, gonorrhea
animal continual sources of infection
rabies, lyme disease
nonliving continual sources of disease
botulism, tetanus
true false: some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans
true
requires close association between infected and susceptible host
direct transmission
spread by fomites
indirect transmission
transmission via airborne droplets
droplet
transmission by an inanimate resevoir
water, food, air
vehicle transmission
arthropod carries pathogen on feet
mechanical transmission
pathogen reproduces in vector
biological transmission
