Chapter 1-Microbe World Flashcards
Only a few microorganisms are ______
Pathogenic
Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Microorganisms
Disease causing organisms
Pathogenic
Microbes present on and in the human body
Normal microbiota
Microbes ______ a lot of materials
Decompose
Microbes can produces _____ in ways such as photosynthesis
Nutrients
Microbes produce ____ like ethanol and acetone
Chemicals
Microbes produces _____ ______ like bread, cheese, and vinegar.
Fermented food
Microbes produce _____ products like cellulase
Manufacturing
Microbes can also provide _____ like insulin
Disease treatment
The use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals and is centuries old
Biotechnology
A new technique for biotechnology
Recombinant DNA technology
Enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins, including vaccines and enzymes
Recombinant DNA technology
Study of bacteria
Bacteriology
Study of fungus
Mycology
Study of parasites
Parasitology
Study of viruses
Virology
Study of immune system
Immunology
Bacteria, Protozoa, archaea, fungus, algae, viruses, multicellular animal parasites
Types of microorganisms
Who was the first life on earth?
Ancestors of bacteria
The first microbes were observed in
1673
Reported that living things are composed of little boxes or cells
Robert Hooke
All living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells
Cell theory
Describes live microorganisms and is known as the father or microbiology
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Said cells arise from preexisting cells
Rudolf Virchow
The hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter or a vital force forms of life
Spontaneous generation
The hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life
Biogenesis
What happened in Francesco Redi’s experiment?
Decaying meat in jars. W/fine net= no maggots; w/out net=maggots. Maggots came from flies. Proved biogenesis.
Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air
Louis Pasteur
Heat up things to kill harmful bacteria inside
Pasteurization
What about Pasteur’s experiment?
Used a long necked flask. Bent flask showed no sign of microbe growth, even after long pds of time
Beginning with Pasteur’s work, what happened?
Scientist started proving that microbes were the cause of disease
Used a chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections
Joseph Lister
Proved that bacterium amuses anthrax and provided steps to prove a specific microbe causes a specific disease
Robert Koch
The steps that prove a specific microbe causes a specific disease
Koch’s postulates
Inoculated a person with cowpox who was then protected from smallpox
Edward Jenner
Derived from vacca, for cow
Vaccination
Protection from disease
Immunity
Discovered the first antibiotic
Alexander Fleming
Observed that penicillium fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S. Aureus
Alexander Fleming
In what year was penicillin tested clinically and mass produced
1940s
Treatment with chemicals
Chemotherapy
Chemo therapeutic agents can be either _____ or ______
Synthetic drugs, antibiotic
Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
Antibiotics
