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equine clinical immunology > Chapter 7 Bullous Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Bullous Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is immune-mediated cytopenia?

A

“A condition where the immune system destroys blood cells”

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2
Q

What are the types of immune-mediated cytopenias in horses?

A

“Anemia

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3
Q

What can cause immune-mediated cytopenia in horses?

A

“Autoimmune disorders

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of cell loss in equine immune-mediated cytopenia?

A

“Enhanced peripheral destruction of cells”

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5
Q

What type of antibody-mediated response is involved in immune-mediated cytopenia?

A

“Cytotoxic type II antibody-mediated response”

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6
Q

What are common signs of severe immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in horses?

A

“Weakness

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7
Q

What is a key diagnostic indicator of intravascular hemolysis?

A

“Hemoglobinuria (red urine)”

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8
Q

What is a rare but severe complication of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in foals?

A

“Kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy)”

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9
Q

What is the primary cause of peripheral destruction of red blood cells in IMHA?

A

“Binding of antibodies to the red blood cell surface”

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10
Q

What are autoantibodies in IMHA often secondary to?

A

“Lymphoma

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11
Q

What type of immunoglobulin is most commonly associated with immune-mediated cytopenias?

A

“IgG”

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12
Q

What is a common drug that can cause immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

“Penicillin”

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13
Q

What is the main site of red blood cell removal in immune-mediated anemia?

A

“The spleen”

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14
Q

What is a key diagnostic test for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

“Direct Coombs’ antiglobulin test”

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15
Q

What are the primary treatments for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

“Removal of the offending drug

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16
Q

What is the preferred corticosteroid for treating IMHA in horses?

A

“Dexamethasone”

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17
Q

What is a key supportive treatment for severe anemia in horses?

A

“Blood transfusion”

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18
Q

What is neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) caused by?

A

“Colostrum-derived alloantibodies against foal’s red blood cells”

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19
Q

What is the recommended prevention method for foals at risk of NI?

A

“Preventing nursing and providing alternate colostrum or plasma transfusion”

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20
Q

What are the common clinical signs of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT)?

A

“Epistaxis

21
Q

What is a common drug that can cause IMT in horses?

A

“Trimethoprim-sulfa”

22
Q

What is neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT)?

A

“A condition where foals ingest colostrum with alloantibodies against their platelets”

23
Q

What is a rare but serious complication of severe thrombocytopenia?

A

“Intracranial hemorrhage”

24
Q

What are the primary immunologic mechanisms involved in IMT?

A

“Hypersensitivity type II reactions”

25
Q

What are key diagnostic indicators of IMT?

A

“Increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and positive reticular staining”

26
Q

What is the main treatment for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia?

A

“Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids or azathioprine”

27
Q

What is a key supportive treatment for severe IMT?

A

“Platelet-rich plasma transfusion”

28
Q

What is immune-mediated neutropenia?

A

“A condition where the immune system destroys neutrophils”

29
Q

What is a common cause of immune-mediated neutropenia in foals?

A

“Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI)”

30
Q

What is the main diagnostic method for immune-mediated neutropenia?

A

“Detection of anti-neutrophil antibodies by flow cytometry”

31
Q

What is a key treatment for neonatal alloimmune neutropenia?

A

“Early antimicrobial treatment and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)”

32
Q

What is a common complication of immune-mediated neutropenia?

A

“Increased risk of infection and sepsis”

33
Q

What is the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in treating neutropenia?

A

“To increase production and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow”

34
Q

What is a common cause of immune-mediated anemia in adult horses?

A

“Neoplastic diseases”

35
Q

What is the prognosis for horses with immune-mediated cytopenias?

A

“Depends on the underlying cause and response to treatment”

36
Q

What are the primary goals in treating immune-mediated cytopenias?

A

“Removing the offending element

37
Q

What is a major risk factor for developing drug-induced immune-mediated cytopenia?

A

“Previous exposure to the drug”

38
Q

What is a key prevention strategy for neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI)?

A

“Blood factor assay to determine compatibility between mare and foal”

39
Q

What is a common clinical sign of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in foals?

A

“Icterus (yellowing of the mucous membranes)”

40
Q

What is the role of the spleen in immune-mediated cytopenias?

A

“Removal of antibody-coated cells”

41
Q

What are the common signs of immune-mediated anemia caused by neoplastic diseases?

A

“Weight loss

42
Q

What is the primary cause of alloimmune reactions in foals?

A

“Ingestion of colostrum containing alloantibodies”

43
Q

What is the role of immunosuppressive therapy in treating immune-mediated cytopenias?

A

“To reduce the immune response and prevent further cell destruction”

44
Q

What is a key diagnostic indicator of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia?

A

“Prolonged bleeding time and abnormal clot retraction”

45
Q

What is a common complication of severe immune-mediated anemia?

A

“Renal failure”

46
Q

What is the preferred method for confirming immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?

A

“Direct Coombs’ antiglobulin test”

47
Q

What are common treatments for drug-induced immune-mediated cytopenias?

A

“Discontinuation of the drug and supportive care”

48
Q

What is a key feature of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in foals?

A

“Rapid onset of hemolysis after birth”

49
Q

What is the primary cause of immune-mediated neutropenia in foals?

A

“Alloimmune reactions from colostrum”

equine clinical immunology (32 decks)

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