Chapter 6 Immune mediated cytopaenias Flashcards
What is immune-mediated cytopenia?
“A condition where the immune system destroys blood cells”
What are the types of immune-mediated cytopenias in horses?
“Anemia
What can cause immune-mediated cytopenia in horses?
“Autoimmune disorders
What is the most common cause of cell loss in equine immune-mediated cytopenia?
“Enhanced peripheral destruction of cells”
What type of antibody-mediated response is involved in immune-mediated cytopenia?
“Cytotoxic type II antibody-mediated response”
What are common signs of severe immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in horses?
“Weakness
What is a key diagnostic indicator of intravascular hemolysis?
“Hemoglobinuria (red urine)”
What is a rare but severe complication of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in foals?
“Kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy)”
What is the primary cause of peripheral destruction of red blood cells in IMHA?
“Binding of antibodies to the red blood cell surface”
What are autoantibodies in IMHA often secondary to?
“Lymphoma
What type of immunoglobulin is most commonly associated with immune-mediated cytopenias?
“IgG”
What is a common drug that can cause immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
“Penicillin”
What is the main site of red blood cell removal in immune-mediated anemia?
“The spleen”
What is a key diagnostic test for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
“Direct Coombs’ antiglobulin test”
What are the primary treatments for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
“Removal of the offending drug
What is the preferred corticosteroid for treating IMHA in horses?
“Dexamethasone”
What is a key supportive treatment for severe anemia in horses?
“Blood transfusion”
What is neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) caused by?
“Colostrum-derived alloantibodies against foal’s red blood cells”
What is the recommended prevention method for foals at risk of NI?
“Preventing nursing and providing alternate colostrum or plasma transfusion”