chapter 7, bone tissue Flashcards
What is osseous tissue?
Bone tissue, a connective tissue with a hardened matrix.
What is compact (cortical) bone?
Dense outer layer of bone that provides strength.
What is spongy (cancellous) bone?
Porous inner layer of bone that reduces weight.
What is the periosteum?
Outer fibrous layer of bone, important for growth and repair.
What is the endosteum?
Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity.
What is the medullary cavity?
Hollow space within bones that contains bone marrow.
What are the epiphyses?
Ends of a long bone, containing spongy bone and red marrow.
What is the diaphysis?
Shaft of a long bone, composed mostly of compact bone.
What is articular cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones at joints.
What are osteoblasts?
Bone-forming cells that produce bone matrix.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.
What are osteoclasts?
Bone-destroying cells that break down bone tissue.
What role do collagen fibers play in bone?
Provide flexibility and tensile strength.
What is hydroxyapatite?
Mineral component (calcium phosphate) that hardens bones.
What are lamellae?
Concentric rings of bone matrix in compact bone.
What are lacunae?
Small cavities where osteocytes are located.
What are canaliculi?
Tiny canals that connect osteocytes for nutrient exchange.
What is endochondral ossification?
Process in which cartilage is replaced by bone.
What is intramembranous ossification?
Direct bone formation from mesenchymal tissue (e.g., skull bones).
What is the epiphyseal plate?
Area of cartilage that allows bone to lengthen.
What is ossification (osteogenesis)?
The process of bone formation.
What is bone remodeling?
Ongoing process of bone resorption and deposition.
What are long bones?
Longer than they are wide (e.g., femur, humerus).
What are short bones?
Equal in length and width (e.g., carpals, tarsals).