Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Alveolar process of the mandible
Upper border of mandibular body that contains the lower teeth
Alveolar process of the maxilla
Curved, inferior margin of the maxilla that supports and anchors the upper teeth
Angle of the mandible
Rounded corner located at outside margin of the body and ramus junction
Angle of the rib
Portion of the rib with greatest curvature; together, the rib angles from the most posterior extend of the thoracic cage
Anterior (ventral) sacral foramen
One of the series of paired openings located on the anterior (ventral) side of the sacrum
Anterior arch
Anterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra
Anterior cranial fossa
Shallowest and most anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base that extends from the frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies
Anulus fibrosus
Tough, fibrous outer portion of an intervertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae
Appendicular skeleton
All bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton
Articular tubercle
Smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa
Atlas
First cervical (C1) vertebra
Axial skeleton
Central, vertical axis of the body, including the skill, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Axis
Second cervical (C2) vertebra
Body of the rib
Shaft portion of a rib
Brain case
Portion of the skull that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the eight bones that from the cranial base and rounded upper skull
Calvaria
(Also, skullcap) rounded top of the skull
Carotid canal
Zig-Zag tunnel providing passage through the base of the skill for the internal carotid artery to the brain; begins anteromedial to the styloid process and terminates in the middle cranial cavity, near the posterior-lateral base of the sella turcica
Cervical curve
Posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column
Cervical vertebrae
Seven vertebrae numbered as C1-C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column
Clavicular notch
Paired notches located on the superior-lateral sides of the sternal manubrium, for articulation with the clavicle
Coccyx
Small bone located at interior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae; also referred to as the “tailbone”
Condylar process of the mandible
Thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus
Condyle
Oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible
Coronal suture
Joint that unites the frontal bone to the right and left parietal bones across the top of the skull
Coronoid process of the mandible
Flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus
Costal cartilage
Hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum
Costal facet
Site on the lateral sides of a thoracic vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib
Costal groove
Shallow groove along the interior margin of a rib that provides passage for blood vessels and a nerve
Cranial cavity
Inferior space of the skull that houses the brain
Cranial cavity
Interior space of the skull that houses the brain
Cranium
Skull
Cribriform plate
Small, flattened areas with numerous small openings, located to either side of the midline in the floor or the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
Crista galli
Small upward projection located at the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, formed by the ethmoid bone
Dens
Bony projection (odontoid process) that extends upward from the body of the C2 (axis) vertebra
Ear Ossicles
Three small bones located in the middle ear cavity that serve to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear
Ethmoid air cell
One of several small, air-filled spaces located within the lateral sides of the ethmoid bone, between the orbit and the upper nasal cavity
Ethmoid bone
Unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum
External acoustic meatus
Ear canal opening located on the lateral side of the skull
External occipital protuberance
Small bump located at midline on the posterior skull
Facet
Small, flattened area on a bone for an articulation (joint) with another bone, or for muscle attachment
Facial bones
14 bones that support the facial structure and form the upper and lower jaws and the hard plate
False ribs
Vertebrochondral ribs 8-12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all
Floating ribs
Vertebral ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib
Fontanelle
Expanded area of fibrous connective tissue that separates the brain case bones of the skull prior ro birth and during the first year after birth
Foramen lacerum
Irregular opening in the base of the skull, located inferior to the exit of carotid canal
Foramen magnum
Large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium
Foramen oval of the middle cranial fossq
Oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
Foramen rotundum
Round opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Small opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located lateral to the foramen oval
Frontal bone
Unpaired bone that forms forehead, roof of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
Frontal sinus
Air-filled space within the frontal bone; most anterior of the paranasal sinuses
Glabella
Slight depression of frontal bone, located at the midline between the eyebrows
