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A&P > Chapter 11: The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Abduct

A

Move away from midline in the sagittal plane

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2
Q

Abductor

A

Moves the bone away from the midline

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3
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Muscle that abducts the little finger

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4
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Muscle that abducts the thumb

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5
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Muscle that inserts into the first metacarpal

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6
Q

Adductor

A

Moves the bone toward midline

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7
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Muscle that adducts and medially rotates the thigh

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8
Q

Adductor longus

A

Muscle that adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh

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9
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Muscle with an anterior fascicle that adducts, medially rotates and flexes the thigh, and a posterior fascicle that assists in thigh extension

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10
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Muscle that adducts the thumb

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11
Q

Agonist

A

(Also, prime mover) muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular motion

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12
Q

Anal triangle

A

Posterior triangle of the perineum that includes the anus

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13
Q

Anconeus

A

Small muscle on the lateral posterior elbow that extends the forearm

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14
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the action of an agonist

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15
Q

Anterior compartment of the arm

A

(Anterior flexor compartment of the arm) the biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm

A

(Anterior flexor compartment of the forearm) deep and superficial muscles that originate on the humerus and insert into the hand

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17
Q

Anterior compartment of the leg

A

Region that includes muscles that dorsiflex the foot

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18
Q

Anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Region that includes muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg

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19
Q

Anterior scalene

A

A muscle anterior to the middle scalene

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20
Q

Appendicular

A

Of the arms and legs

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21
Q

Axial

A

Of the trunk and head

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22
Q

Belly

A

Bulky central body of a muscle

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23
Q

Bi-

A

Two

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24
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Two-headed muscle that crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to flex the forearm while assisting in supinating it and flexing the arm at the shoulder

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25
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Hamstring muscle

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26
Q

Bipennate

A

Pennate muscle that has fascicles that are located on both sides of the tendon

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27
Q

Brachialis

A

Muscle deep to the biceps brachii that provides power in flexing the forearm

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28
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Muscle that can flex the forearm quickly or help lift a load slowly

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29
Q

Brevis

A

Short

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30
Q

Buccinator

A

Muscle that compresses the cheek

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31
Q

Calcaneal tendon

A

(Also, Ahcilles tendon) strong tendon that inserts into the calcaneal bone of the ankle

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32
Q

Caval opening

A

Opening in the diaphragm that allows the inferior vena cava to pass through; foramen for the vena cava

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33
Q

Circular

A

(Also, sphincter) fascicles that are concentrically arranged around an opening

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34
Q

Compressor urethrae

A

Deep perineal muscle in women

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35
Q

Convergent

A

Fascicles that extend over a broad area and converge on a common attachment site

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36
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Muscle that flexes and adducts the arm

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37
Q

Corrugator supercilii

A

Prime mover of the eyebrows

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38
Q

Deep anterior compartment

A

Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and their associated blood vessels and nerves

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39
Q

Deep posterior compartment of the forearm

A

(Deep posterior extensor compartment of the forearm) The abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves

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40
Q

Deep transverse perineal

A

Deep perineal muscle in men

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41
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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42
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder muscle that abducts the arm as well as flexes and medially rotates it, and extends and laterally rotates it

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43
Q

Diaphragm

A

Skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is dome-shaped at rest

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44
Q

Digastric

A

Muscle that has anterior and posterior bellies and elevates the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible

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45
Q

Dorsal group

A

Region that includes the extensor digitorum brevis

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46
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Muscles that abduct and flex the three middle fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend them at the interphalangeal joints

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47
Q

Epicranial aponeurosis

A

(Also, galea aponeurosis) flat broad tendon that connects the frontalis and occipitalis

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48
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Large muscle mass of the back; primary extensor of the vertebral column

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49
Q

Extensor

A

Muscle that increases the angle at the joint

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50
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

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51
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Muscle that extends and adducts the hand

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52
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Muscle that extends the little finger

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53
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Muscle that extends the hand at the wrist and the phalanges

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54
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

Muscle that extends the toes

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55
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Muscle that is lateral to the tibialis anterior

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56
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Muscle that is partly deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

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57
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Muscle that inserts onto the tendon on the extensor digitorum of the index finger

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58
Q

Extensor pollicus brevis

A

Muscle that inserts onto the base of the proximal phalanc of the thumb

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59
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Muscle that inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

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60
Q

Extensor radialis longus

A

Muscle that extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

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61
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

Band of connective tissue that extends over the dorsal surface of the hand

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62
Q

Extensor intercostal

A

Superficial intercostal muscles that raise the rib cage

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63
Q

External oblique

A

Superficial abdominal muscle with fascicles that extend inferiorly and medially

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64
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles

A

Originate outside the eye and insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye, and create eyeball movement

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65
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers and originate on the arm

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66
Q

Fascicle

A

Muscle fibers bundled by perimysium into a unit

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67
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Region formed at the junction between the hip and the leg and includes the pectineus, femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes

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68
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

(Also, peroneus brevis) muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints

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69
Q

Fibularis longus

A

(Also, peroneus longus) muscle that plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and everts it at the intertarsal joints

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70
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Small muscle that is associated with the extensor digitorum longus

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71
Q

Fixator

A

Synergist that assists an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint, thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonis

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72
Q

Flexion

A

Movement that decreases the angle of a joint

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73
Q

Flexor

A

Muscle that decreases the angle at the joint

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74
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Muscle that flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist

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75
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Muscle that flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

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76
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Muscle that flexes the little finger

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77
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Muscle that flexes the four small toes

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78
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Muscle that flexes the phalanges of the fingers and the hand at the wrist

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79
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Muscle that flexes the hand and the digits

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80
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Muscle that flexes the big toe

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81
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Muscle that flexes the thumb

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82
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Muscle that flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb

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83
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Band of connective tissue that extends over the palmar surface of the hand

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84
Q

Frontalis

A

Front part of the occipitofrontalis muscle

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85
Q

Fusiform

A

Muscle that has fascicles that are spindle-shaped to create large bellies

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86
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Most superficial muscle of the calf

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87
Q

Genioglossus

A

Muscle that originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward

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88
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Muscle that depresses the mandible, and raises and pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly

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89
Q

Gluteal group

A

Muscle group that extends, flexes, rotates, adducts, and abducts the femur

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90
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Largest of the gluteus muscles that extends the femur

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91
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus that abducts the femur at the hip

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92
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Smallest of the gluteal muscles and deep to the gluteus medius

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93
Q

Gracilis

A

Muscle that adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee

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94
Q

Hamstring group

A

Three long muscles on the back of the leg

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95
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Muscle that originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it

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96
Q

Hypthenar

A

Group of muscles on the medial aspect of the palm

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97
Q

Hypthenar eminence

A

Rounded contour of muscle at the base of the little finger

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98
Q

Iliacus

A

Muscle that, along with the psoas major, makes up the iliopsoas

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99
Q

Iliococcygeus

A

Muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the pubococcygeus

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100
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A

Muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the cervical region

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101
Q

Iliocostalis group

A

Laterally placed muscles of the erector spinae

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102
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the lumbar region

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103
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis

A

Muscle of the iliocostalis group associated with the thoracic region

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104
Q

Iliopsoas group

A

Muscle group consisting of the iliacus and psoas major muscles, that flexes the thigh at the hip, rotates it laterally, and flexes the trunk of the body onto the hip

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105
Q

Iliotibial tract

A

Muscle that inserts onto the tibia; made up of the gluteus maximus and connective tissues of the tensor faciae latae

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106
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum

A

Crucuiate ligament of the ankle

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107
Q

Inferior gemellus

A

Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface on the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip

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108
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Anterior neck muscles that are attached to, and inferior to the hyoid bone

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109
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Muscle that laterally rotates the arm

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110
Q

Innermost intercostal

A

The deepest intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together

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111
Q

Insertion

A

End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the structure (usually a bone) that is moved when the muscle contracts

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112
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Muscles that span the spaces between the ribs

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113
Q

Intermediate

A

Group of midpalmar muscles

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114
Q

Internal intercostal

A

Muscles the intermediate intercostal muscles that draw the ribs together

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115
Q

Internal oblique

A

Flat, intermediate abdominal muscle with fascicles that run perpendicular to those of the external oblique

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116
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers, and originate in the palm

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117
Q

Ischiococcygeus

A

Muscle that assists the levator ani and pulls the coccyx anteriorly

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118
Q

Lateral compartment of the leg

A

Region that includes the fibularis (peroneus) longus and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis and their associated blood vessels and nerves

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119
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

muscle that moves the mandible from side to side

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120
Q

Lateralis

A

To the outside

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121
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Broad, triangular axial muscle located on the inferior part of the back

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122
Q

Levator ani

A

Pelvic muscle that resists intra-abdominal pressure and supports the pelvic viscera

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123
Q

Linea alba

A

White, fibrous band that runs along the midline of the trunk

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124
Q

Longissimus capitis

A

Muscle of the longissimus group associated with the head region

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125
Q

Longissimus cervicis

A

Muscle of the longissimus group associated with the cervical region

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126
Q

Longissimus group

A

Intermediately placed muscles of the erector spinae

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127
Q

Longissimus thoracis

A

Muscles of the longissimus group associated with the thoracic region

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128
Q

Longus

A

Long

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129
Q

Lumbrical

A

Muscle that flexes each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at the interphalangeal joints

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130
Q

Masseter

A

Main muscle for chewing that elevates the mandible to close the mouth

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131
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

132
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

133
Q

Medial compartment of the thigh

A

A region that includes the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves

134
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Muscle that moves the mandible from side to side

135
Q

Medialis

A

to the inside

136
Q

Medius

A

Medium

137
Q

Middle scalene

A

Longest scalene muscle, located between the anterior and posterior scalenes

138
Q

Minimus

A

Smallest

139
Q

Multifidus

A

Muscle of the lumbar region that helps extend and laterally flex the vertebral column

140
Q

Multipennate

A

Pennate muscle that has a tendon branching within it

141
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Muscle that lifts the hyoid bone and helps press the tongue to the top of the mouth

142
Q

Oblique

A

At an angle

143
Q

Obtruator externus

A

Muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip

144
Q

Obturator internus

A

Muscle deep tot he gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip

145
Q

Occipitalis

A

Posterior part of the occiptiofrontalis muscle

146
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Muscle that makes up the scalp with a frontal belly and an occipital belly

147
Q

Omohyoid

A

Muscle that has superior and inferior bellies and depresses the hyoid bone

148
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Muscle that brings the little finger across the palm to meet the thumb

149
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Muscles that moves the thumb across the palm to meet another finger

150
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Circular muscle that closes the eye

151
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Circular muscle that moves the lips

152
Q

Origin

A

End of a skeletal muscle that is attached to another structure (usually a bone) in a fixed position

153
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Muscle that originate on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue

154
Q

Palmar interossei

A

Muscles that abduct and flex each finger at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend each finger at the interphalangeal joints

155
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Muscle that provides weak flexion of the hand at the wrist

156
Q

Parallel

A

Fascicles that extend in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle

157
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Extension of the quadriceps tendon below the patella

158
Q

Pectineus

A

Muscle that abducts and flexes the femur at the hip

159
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Shoulder girdle, made up of the clavicle and scapula

160
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Thick, fan-shaped axial muscle that covers much of the superior thorax

161
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Muscle that moves the scapula and assists in inhalation

162
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

Muscular sheet that comprises the levator ani and the ischiococcygeus

163
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Hips, a foundation for the lower limb

164
Q

Pennate

A

Fascicles that are arranged differently based on their angles to the tendon

165
Q

Perineum

A

Diamond-shaped region between the pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities

166
Q

Piriformis

A

Muscle deep to the gluteus Maximus in the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip

167
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Muscle that supports the longitudinal arch of the foot

168
Q

Plantar group

A

Four-layered group of intrinsic foot muscles

169
Q

Plantaris

A

Muscle that runs obliquely between the gastrocnemius and the soleus

170
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Diamond-shaped space at the back of the knee

171
Q

Popliteus

A

Muscle that flexes the leg at the knee and creates the floor of the popliteal fossa

172
Q

Posterior compartment of the leg

A

Region that includes the superficial gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, and the deep popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, and tibialis posterior

173
Q

Posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Region that includes muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh

174
Q

Posterior scalene

A

Smallest scalene muscle, locates posterior to the middle scalene

175
Q

Prime mover

A

(Also, agonist) principle muscle involved in an action

176
Q

Pronator teres

A

Pronator that originates in the humerus and inserts in the radius

177
Q

Psoas major

A

Muscle that, along with the iliacus, makes up the iliopsoas

178
Q

Pubococcygeus

A

Muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the iliococcygeus

179
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Muscle deep to the gluteus Maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip

180
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Posterior part of the abdominal wall that helps with posture and stabilization of the body

181
Q

Quadriceps femoris group

A

Four muscles, that extend and stabilize the knee

182
Q

Quadriceps tendon

A

(Also, patellar tendon) tendon common to all four quadriceps muscles, inserts into the patella

183
Q

Rectus

A

Straight

184
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Long, linear muscle that extends along the middle of the trunk

185
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Quadriceps muscle on the anterior aspect of the thigh

186
Q

Rectus sheaths

A

Tissue that makes up the lines Alba

187
Q

Retinacula

A

Fibrous brands that sheath the tendons at the wrist

188
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae

189
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae

190
Q

Rotator cuff

A

(Also, musculotendinous cuff) the circle of tendons around the shoulder joint

191
Q

Sartorius

A

Band-like muscle that flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the leg at the hip

192
Q

Scalene muscles

A

Flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head; contribute to deep inhalation

193
Q

Segmental muscle group

A

Interspinales and intertransversarii muscles that bring together the spinous and transverse processes of each consecutive vertebra

194
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Hamstring muscle

195
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Tranversospinales muscle associated with the head region

196
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

Tranversospinales muscle associated with the thoracic region

197
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Hamstring muscle

198
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Large flat muscle that originates on the ribs and inserts onto the scapula

199
Q

Soleus

A

Wide, flat muscle deep to the gastrocnemius

200
Q

Sphincter urethrovaginalis

A

Deep perineal muscle in women

201
Q

Spinalis capitis

A

Muscle of the spinalis group associated with the head region

202
Q

Spinalis cervicis

A

Muscle of the spinalis group associated with the cervical region

203
Q

Spinalis group

A

Medially placed muscles of the erector spinae

204
Q

Spinalis thoracis

A

Muscle of the spinalis group associated with the thoracic region

205
Q

Splenius

A

Posterior neck muscles; includes the splenius capitis and splenius cerivicis

206
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Neck muscle that inserts into the head region

207
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Neck muscle that inserts into the cervical region

208
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head

209
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Muscle that depresses the hyoid bone

210
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Muscle that depresses the larynx’s thyroid cartilage

211
Q

Styloglossus

A

Muscle that originates on the styloid bone, and allows upward and backward motion of the tongue

212
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Muscle that elevates the hyoid bone posteriorly

213
Q

Subclavius

A

Muscle that stabilizes the clavicle during movement

214
Q

Subscapularis

A

Muscle that originates on the anterior scapular and medially rotates the arm

215
Q

Superficial anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves

216
Q

Superficial posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Extensor radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and their associated blood vessels and nerves

217
Q

Superior extensor retinaculum

A

Transverse ligament of the ankle

218
Q

Superior gemellus

A

Muscle deep the the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip

219
Q

Supinator

A

Muscle that moves the palm and foearm anteriorly

220
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Neck muscles that are superior to the hyoid bone

221
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Muscle that abducts the arm

222
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle whose contraction helps a prime mover in an action

223
Q

Temporalis

A

Muscle that retracts the mandible

224
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

Three transverse bands of collagen fibers that divide the rectus abdominis into segments

225
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

Muscle that flexes and abducts the thigh

226
Q

Teres major

A

Muscle that extends the arm and assists in adduction and medial rotation of it

227
Q

Teres minor

A

Muscle that laterally rotates and extends the arm

228
Q

Thenar

A

Group of muscles on the lateral aspect of the palm

229
Q

Thenar eminence

A

Rounded contour of muscle at the base of the thumb

230
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Muscle that depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx’s thyroid cartilage

231
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Muscle located on the lateral surface of the tibia

232
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Muscle that plantar flexes and inverts the foot

233
Q

Tranversospinales

A

Muscles that originate at the transverse processes and insert at the spinous processes of the vertebrae

234
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Deep layer of the abdomen that has fascicles arranged transversely around the abdomen

235
Q

Trapezius

A

Muscle that stabilizes the upper part of the back

236
Q

Tri-

A

Three

237
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Three-headed muscle that extends the forearm

238
Q

Unipennate

A

Pennate muscle that has fascicles located on one side of the tendon

239
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

Anterior triangle of the perineum that includes the external genitals

240
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Quadricep muscle that is between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and is deep to the rectus femoris

241
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Quadricep muscle on the lateral aspect of the thigh

242
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Quadricep muscle on the medial aspect of the thigh

243
Q

What two things does each skeletal muscle have?

A

Origin

Insertion

244
Q

What is an insertion?

A

The end of the muscle that attached to the bone being pulled

245
Q

What is an origin?

A

The end of the muscle attached to a fixed, or stabilized, bone

246
Q

What is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a movement called?

A

Prime mover

247
Q

What are the muscles that assist in the movement called?

A

Synergists

248
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A synergist that makes the insertion site more stable

249
Q

What is a muscle called when it has the opposite action of the prime mover?

A

Agonist

250
Q

What is a factor that contribute to the force generated by skeletal muscles?

A

Arrangement of fascicles in the skeletal muscle: can be parallel, circular, convergent, pennate, fusiform, or triangular
Each arrangement has its own range of motion and ability to do work

251
Q

How are skeletal muscles named?

A

Can be based on:

  • Location
  • Size and location
  • Bones associated with it
  • Shapes
  • Origin or insertion
252
Q

The two groups that muscles fall into are?

A

Axial

Appendicular

253
Q

How are axial muscles grouped?

A

Location
Function
Both

254
Q

How do facial muscles create facial expressions?

A

Insert into the skin rather than onto bone

255
Q

How are the muscles that move the eye extrinsic?

A

Originate outside of the eye and insert into it

256
Q

Is the tongue intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Both

257
Q

What does the genioglossus do?

A

Depresses the tongue and moves it anteriorly

258
Q

What does the styloglossus do?

A

Lifts the tongue and retracts it

259
Q

What does the palatoglossus do?

A

Elevates the back of the tongue

260
Q

What does the hypoglossus do?

A

Depresses and flattens the tongue

261
Q

What do the muscles of the anterior neck facilitate?

A

Swallowing and speech

Stabilize the hyoid bone and position of the larynx

262
Q

What do the muscles of the neck do?

A

Stabilize and move the head

263
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid divide the neck into?

A

Anterior and posterior triangles

264
Q

The muscles of the back and neck that move the vertebral column are complex, overlapping, and can be divided into how many groups?

A

5

  • Splenius group
  • Erector spinae
  • Transversospinales
  • Segmental
  • Scalenes
265
Q

What muscles are included in the splenius group?

A

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

266
Q

What muscles are included in the erector spinae group?

A

Has three subgroups:

  • Iliocostalis (iliocostalis cervicis, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis lumborum)
  • Longissimus (longissimus capitis, the longissimus cervicis, and the longissimus thoracis)
  • Spinalis (the spinalis capitis, the spinalis cervicis, and the spinalis thoracis)
267
Q

What muscles are included in the transversospinales group?

A

Semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores

268
Q

What muscles are included in the segmental group?

A

Interspinales and intertransversarii

269
Q

What muscles are included in the scalene group?

A

Anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene

270
Q

What is the abdominal wall made of and what does it do?

A
  • Skin, fascia, and four pairs of muscle

- Protects the organs located in the abdomen and moves the vertebral column

271
Q

What are the muscles that make up the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Rectus abdominus (extends the entire length of the trunk)
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transverse abdominus
272
Q

What muscle forms the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Quadratus lumborum

273
Q

What large role do the muscles do the thorax play?

A

Breathing (especially the diaphragm)

274
Q

As the diaphragm contracts and flattens, the volume inside the pleural cavities increase, the pressure within them….

A

decreases (causing air flow into lungs)

275
Q

What muscles help shape the rib cage and the volume-pressure ratio inside the pleural cavities during inspiration and expiration?

A

Internal and external intercostal muscles

276
Q

What role does the perineum play?

A
  • Urination in both sexes
  • Ejaculation in men
  • Vaginal contraction in women
277
Q

What do the pelvic floor muscles do?

A

Support the pelvic organs, resist intra-abdominal pressure, and work as sphincters for the urethra, rectum, and vagina

278
Q

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

279
Q

What does the pectoral girdle do?

A

Provide a stable origin for the muscles that move the humerus

280
Q

Where are the muscles that position and stabilize the pectoral girdle located?

A

The thorax

281
Q

What are the anterior thoracic muscles?

A

Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

282
Q

What are the posterior thoracic muscles?

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

283
Q

How many muscles cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus?

A

9

284
Q

What muscles originate on the axial skeleton that cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus?

A

Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

285
Q

What muscles originate on the scapula that cross the shoulder joint to move the humerus?

A 
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major 
Teres minor 
Coracobrachials
286
Q

What are the forearm flexors?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

287
Q

What are the forearm extensors?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

288
Q

What are the pronators of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

289
Q

What sit he only muscle that turns the forearm anteriorlly?

A

Supinator

290
Q

Where do extrinsic muscles of the hands originate from in order to facilitate crude movements of the wrists, hands, and fingers?

A

Along the forearm and insert into the hand

291
Q

What does the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm produce?

A

Flexion

292
Q

What muscles are part of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis

293
Q

What does the deep anterior compartment of the forearm produce?

A

Flexion

294
Q

What muscles are part of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm produce?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexor digitorum profundus

295
Q

What does the superficial posterior compartment produce?

A

Extension

296
Q

What muscles are part of the superficial posterior compartment?

A 
Extensor carpi radialis longus 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor digitorum p
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
297
Q

What does the deep posterior compartment produce?

A

Extension

298
Q

What muscles are part of the deep posterior compartment?

A

Abductor longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

299
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the hand allow?

A

Precise movements - typing and writing

300
Q

Where do intrinsic muscles in the hand originate and insert?

A

In the hand

301
Q

Where are the thenar muscles located?

A

On the lateral part of the palm

302
Q

What muscles are part of the thenar muscles?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis breis
Adductor pollicis

303
Q

Where are the hypothenar muscles located?

A

Medial part of the palm

304
Q

What muscles are part of the hypothenar muscles?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

305
Q

Where are the intermediate muscles of the hand located?

A

In the middle of the palm

306
Q

What muscles are part of the intermediate hand muscles?

A

Lumbricals
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei

307
Q

The pelvic girdle attaches____?

A

The legs to the axial skeleton.

Hip joint is where the pelvic girdle and leg come together.

308
Q

What muscles form the iliopsoas? Where is this located?

A

The gluteal region of the pelvic girdle.

Psoas major and iliacus.

309
Q

How do the three gluteus muscles act on the femur?

A

Extend and abduct

310
Q

What muscles form the iliotibial tract?

A

Gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles

311
Q

What are the lateral rotator of the femur at the hip?

A 
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Superior gemelles
Inferior gemelles
Quadracepts femoris
312
Q

What muscles are located on the medial part of the thigh and adduct and medially rotate it?

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

313
Q

What are the three compartments on the thigh that move the femur?

A

Medial
Anterior
Posterior

314
Q

What does the medial compartment of the thigh include?

A

Adductors
Pectineus
Gracilis

315
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the thigh include?

A

Quadriceps femoris
Quadriceps tendon
Patellar ligament
Sartorius

316
Q

What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medius
Vastus intermedius

317
Q

What doe the quadriceps muscles do?

A

Extend the knee

318
Q

What does the posterior compartment of the thigh include?

A

Hamstrings:

  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendiosus
  • Semimembranosus
319
Q

What do the hamstrings do?

A

Flex at the knee

320
Q

What are the leg compartments?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Superficial posterior
Deep posterior

321
Q

What does the anterior leg compartment include?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

322
Q

What does the lateral compartment of the leg include?

A

Fibularis (peroneus) longus and the fibularis (peroneus) brevis

323
Q

What does the superficial posterior compartment of the leg include?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

324
Q

What does the deep posterior compartment of the leg include?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

325
Q

Which of the following is unique to the muscles of the facial expression?

a. the all originate from the scalp musculature
b. They insert into the cartilage found around the face
c. They only insert onto the facial bones
d. They insert into the skin

A

d. They insert into the skin

326
Q

Which of the following helps an agonist work?

a. synergist
b. fixator
c. insertion
d. an antagonist

A

a. synergist

A&P (19 decks)

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